用于去除单张图像高光的光照约束补色

在计算机视觉研究领域,如何检测和消除图像中的高光(specular)一直是个热点问题,有关的研究结果对于提高计算机视觉算法性能有着重要的影响.针对这一问题,提出了一种检测和消除高光的方法.首先,通过比较高光和漫反射光(diffuse)的色度特性的不同,给出了一种交互检测单色物体表面高光区域的方法;然后,引入补色(inpainting)方法并结合光照约束条件,设计了一种去除单张图像中高光并还原出漫反射分量的新的补色算法.与一般补色方法不同,该算法充分利用了高光区域含有的信息来指导补色过程.通过综合利用观测到的像素值、光源的色度分析(illumination chromaticity analysis)、光源颜色的平滑性等来约束补色过程,保证了算法能够克服一般的补色方法无法保持物体表面细微明暗变化的缺点.实验结果表明,与以往的去除单张图像高光的方法相比,该算法能够提供更好的光源色度估计,从而得到更准确的结果.     

Irregular, unknown light sources in dynamic global illumination

The goal in global illumination solutions for dynamic environments is to update a scene based on past scenes. For this difficult problem, current state of the art solutions are either not applicable, or unduly complex, when there are large changes in the illumination of unbounded number of objects. Such changes may be caused by the appearance of unexpected (at modeling time), irregular light sources.

We define a subset of dynamic environments in which new light sources may be user introduced, and implement solutions that complement existing schemes.     

Space-Time Hierarchical Radiosity with Clustering and Higher-Order Wavelets

We address in this paper the issue of computing diffuse global illumination solutions for animation sequences. The principal difficulties lie in the computational complexity of global illumination, emphasized by the movement of objects and the large number of frames to compute, as well as the potential for creating temporal discontinuities in the illumination, a particularly noticeable artifact. We demonstrate how space‐time hierarchical radiosity, i.e. the application to the time dimension of a hierarchical decomposition algorithm, can be effectively used to obtain smooth animations: first by proposing the integration of spatial clustering in a space‐time hierarchy; second, by using a higher‐order wavelet basis adapted for the temporal dimension. The resulting algorithm is capable of creating time‐dependent radiosity solutions efficiently.     

Efficient detection under varying illumination conditions and image plane rotations

This paper focuses on the detection of objects with a Lambertian surface under varying illumination and pose. We offer to apply a novel detection method that proceeds by modeling the different illuminations from a small number of images in a training set; this automatically voids the illumination effects, allowing fast illumination invariant detection, without having to create a large training set. It is demonstrated that the method “fits in” nicely with previous work about modeling the set of object appearances under varying illumination. In the experiments, an object was correctly detected under image plane rotations in a 45° range, and a wide variety of different illuminations, even when significant shadows were present.     

青岛发电厂1号300 MW机组锅炉变蒸汽压力吹灰试验研究

在青岛发电厂1号炉受热面污染监测的基础上，通过改变吹灰器所用蒸汽压力，观察受热面污染率的变化情况，比较不同压力下蒸汽的吹灰效果，以确定最为合理的吹灰压力，寻求既能有效清除受热面积灰，又能减轻吹灰对受热面管道造成的冲损，节约吹灰蒸汽的消耗，为建立合理完善的优化吹灰模型提供参数。     

浅谈西宁市实现路灯微机智能监控的必要性

随着西宁市城市建设的不断发展，城市照明已成为体现城市形象的综合市政工程。文章叙述了西宁市目前路灯控制“以分散时控方式”为主的种种弊端，提出了路灯智能监控的必要性，并阐述了智能监控的功能和系统构成，路灯微机智能监控技术的实施有利于城市监管。     

机器视觉关键技术的现状及应用展望

简要介绍了机器视觉的概念及机器视觉系统的组成，接着重点阐述了照明光源、镜头、摄像机及图像采集卡、图像处理卡、集成式视觉组件等关键技术的发展现状，最后扼要介绍了在工业检测、农产品分选、机器人导航、医学影像分析、交通管理、安全监控等多个领域的应用情况．     

Free asymmetric transverse vibration of polar orthotropic annular sector plate with thickness varying parabolically in radial direction

In the present paper, free asymmetric transverse vibrations of a non-uniform polar orthotropic annular sector plate, with parabolically varying thickness in the radial direction, have been studied on the basis of classical plate theory. The circular edges of the plate are elastically restrained against translation and rotation while the straight (radial) edges are simply-supported. Fourth-order linear differential equations with variable coefficients governing the motion have been solved by using the collocation interpolation technique with Chebyshev points as the interpolating nodes. Frequency parameters of the plate with flexible boundary conditions at the circular edges for some typical values of the taper parameters, the rigidity ratios and the radii ratio have been presented.     

The Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscope with open sample space observes dynamic phenomena in liquid or gas

Although conventional electron microscopy (EM) requires samples to be in vacuum, most chemical and physical reactions occur in liquid or gas. The Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscope (ASEM) can observe dynamic phenomena in liquid or gas under atmospheric pressure in real time. An electron-permeable window made of pressure-resistant 100 nm-thick silicon nitride (SiN) film, set into the bottom of the open ASEM sample dish, allows an electron beam to be projected from underneath the sample. A detector positioned below captures backscattered electrons. Using the ASEM, we observed the radiation-induced self-organization process of particles, as well as phenomena accompanying volume change, including evaporation-induced crystallization. Using the electrochemical ASEM dish, we observed tree-like electrochemical depositions on the cathode. In silver nitrate solution, we observed silver depositions near the cathode forming incidental internal voids. The heated ASEM dish allowed observation of patterns of contrast in melting and solidifying solder. Finally, to demonstrate its applicability for monitoring and control of industrial processes, silver paste and solder paste were examined at high throughput. High resolution, imaging speed, flexibility, adaptability, and ease of use facilitate the observation of previously difficult-to-image phenomena, and make the ASEM applicable to various fields.     

Adaptive neural dynamic surface control of MIMO nonlinear time delay systems with time‐varying actuator failures

In this paper, an adaptive dynamic surface control approach is developed for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities, bounded time‐varying state delays, and in the presence of time‐varying actuator failures. The type of the considered actuator failure is that some unknown inputs may be stuck at some time‐varying values where the values, times, and patterns of the failures are unknown. The considered actuator failure can cover most failures that may occur in actuators of the systems. With the help of neural networks to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions and combining the dynamic surface control approach with the backstepping design method, a novel control approach is constructed. The proposed design method does not require a priori knowledge of the bounds of the unknown time delays and actuator failures. The boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals is guaranteed, and the tracking errors are proved to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. The proposed approach is employed for a double inverted pendulums benchmark as well as a chemical reactor system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.