酶法制备肉味香精及其风味调配的研究

主要研究用酶水解牛肉和大豆蛋白粉制成牛肉水解蛋白和大豆水解蛋白,再添加葡萄糖和半胱氨酸等辅料,利用Maillard反应制备牛肉味香精的主香体,再对其进行调香,确定能产生逼真、浓郁牛肉香味的最佳配方。     

Singlet Oxygen Quenching Activities of Various Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Protective Effects of Apple and Pear Juices against Hematolysis and Protein Oxidation Induced by Methylene Blue Photosensitization

ABSTRACT:  Effects of various fruit and vegetable juices on rubrene oxidation induced by a chemical source of singlet oxygen in a microemulsion system have been studied. The singlet oxygen quenching activities of fruit and vegetable juices were greatly different with different juices. The apple and pear juices exhibited the highest antioxidative activity among the tested juices in singlet oxygen–induced rubrene oxidation, showing 56.69% and 59.34% inhibition, respectively. The grape, kumquat, red cabbage, and spinach juices also showed relatively strong antioxidative activity against singlet oxygen–induced rubrene oxidation. Lemon juice showed the least activity, resulting in 0.63% inhibition of rubrene oxidation. The singlet oxygen quenching activities of 1 mL of apple and pear juices were equivalent to 33.97 and 34.64 mg ascorbate, respectively. Singlet oxygen quenching activities of juices had very low correlation with both ABTS radical scavenging activity ( R ²= 0.11) and total phenolic contents ( R ² < 0.1). However, a high correlation ( R ²= 0.66) was found between the ABTS radical scavenging activities and total phenolic contents of juices. The apple and pear juices also significantly inhibited both erythrocyte lysis and protein oxidation induced by fluorescence light illumination in the presence of methylene blue. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy data showed that the protective activities of these juices against biological damages induced by photodynamic ways were, to at least some extent, due to their singlet oxygen quenching abilities. This represents first report on the singlet oxygen quenching activities of the apple and pear juices, and their protective activities against photodynamically induced biological damages.     

Tribological degradation of two vegetable‐based lubricants at elevated temperatures

Renewable‐based lubricants are being considered as potential alternatives to petroleum‐based lubricants for various reasons, mainly increased environmental sensitivity. However, understanding the tribological performance of such vegetable‐based lubricants under elevated temperatures is critical for their industrial implementation. This study focuses on the friction and abrasion rate characteristics of soybean and sunflower base oils in comparison to a base mineral oil under sliding wear at elevated temperatures. It was found that the abrasion rate and friction were less severe for the vegetable‐based lubricants up to temperatures around 100°C. The observed performance of the vegetable‐based lubricants was verified using a kinetic reaction mechanism model of lubricant degradation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2015年我国部分地区市售食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染调查

目的 对我国8省738份市售食用植物油中4种黄曲霉毒素(AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂)污染状况进行调查。方法 首先用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法快速筛检市售食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素,再用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法对阳性样品中4种黄曲霉毒素的含量进一步确证。结果 食用植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素总量的含量范围在0.06～221.00 μg/kg之间,平均为19.30 μg/kg。4种黄曲霉毒素的污染以AFB₁为主,其检出率为17.21%(127/738),平均含量为16.20 μg/kg。其次是AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂。花生油中黄曲霉毒素污染较重,AFB₁超标率为11.57%(25/216)。来自广西的植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素污染较重,AFB₁超标率达19.23%(20/104)。此外,散装植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染含量高于定型包装样品。95.45%(126/132)的阳性样品检出2种或2种以上的黄曲霉毒素。结论 我国食用植物油存在黄曲霉毒素协同污染现象,并以AFB₁为主。花生油、来自广西的植物油样品以及散装食用植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素污染较高,需重点监测并加以监管。     

植物油中苯并[a]芘安全风险分析及有效防控 措施的探讨

苯并[a]芘是一种致癌物质和突变原。随油料生长环境及加工制作方式的不同,会生产或存在于食用植物油脂中,如果生产过程控制不当还会造成苯并[a]芘污染的超标。苯并[a]芘作为油脂中一项重要安全检测指标,其污染水平备受关注。本文通过透视植物油中苯并[a]芘的污染安全风险现状,解析油料生长期环境影响及油脂加工过程可能造成的苯并[a]芘污染机制与途径,分析苯并[a]芘污染风险因素,探讨油品加工中防止和减少苯并[a]芘污染的有效防控措施。促进油品行业采用先进设备,加强生产过程流程管理,严格工艺参数控制,提升产品质量、安全指标,使苯并[a]芘污染严格控制到国家安全限量10μg/kg以下,规避由此引起对人体健康和生命安全造成的危害,以期食用植物油生产和消费市场更加安全、放心。     

氨基甲酸酯类农药残留质控样品的制备与评价-以灭多威为例

目的 建立一种蔬菜冻干粉中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留质控样品的制备方法并对制备技术进行评价。方法 以圆白菜为基质, 灭多威为目标物, 采用真空冷冻干燥, 基质添加的方式制备质控样品。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对质控样品中目标物含量进行测定。通过随机抽样测定以评估样品的均匀性, 通过观察样品12个月内目标物检测结果变化以评估样品的稳定性。结果 本方法制备的灭多威质控样品均匀性和稳定性良好。蔬菜冻干粉质控样品便于贮藏、运输且在常温下能够长期稳定保存。样品中灭多威的制备值与测得值较好吻合。结论 本研究确立了蔬菜冻干粉中灭多威质控样品的制备方法, 所建立的制备技术可以确保质控样品定值结果的准确性, 为氨基甲酸酯类农药残留质控样品制备方法的开发提供技术支持。     

粮食及果蔬中叶酸含量分析

对日常食用的主要粮食及果蔬的叶酸含量进行测定与评价,为人体科学合理补充叶酸提供理论依据。在山西省各农户及市场搜集11 种主要粮食、17 种常见蔬菜、8 种常见水果。粮食样品研磨全部过100 目筛子备用,市售新鲜果蔬样品将可食用部分随机多点采样,切碎混合。食物叶酸用磷酸二氢钾溶液恒温水浴浸提,加苯胺处理过的活性炭吸附,用体积分数3%氨-70%乙醇洗脱,采用高锰酸钾氧化-间接荧光法测定。结果显示,主要食物叶酸含量存在差异,叶酸含量较高的粮食种类有：大豆、花生、绿豆、小米、燕麦、玉米和苦荞,含量均在1.56 μg/g（以干质量计）以上;含量较高的蔬菜有：菠菜、油菜、香菇、油麦菜、生菜、卷心菜、青椒、芹菜、白菜和南瓜,含量均在1.53 μg/g（以湿质量计）以上;人们日常食用的水果叶酸含量均在1.74 μg/g（以湿质量计）以上;只要合理调整膳食结构,粗细搭配,多摄食蔬菜水果,就有望通过食疗来补充人体所缺乏的叶酸。     

A novel nanosensor based on Pt:Co nanoalloy ionic liquid carbon paste electrode for voltammetric determination of vitamin B9 in food samples

In this work we describe a novel nanoalloy (Pt:Co) room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) modified carbon paste electrode as a high sensitive sensor for voltammetric determination of vitamin B₉ in food samples. The sensor exhibits an enhanced effectiveness for the electro-oxidation of vitamin B₉ in aqueous solution. The oxidation peak potential for this matter at a surface of the ionic liquid (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate) Pt:Co carbon paste electrode (Pt:Co/IL/CPE) appeared at 685 mV that was about 110 mV lower than the oxidation peak potential at the surface of the traditional carbon paste electrode (CPE) under similar condition. The mechanism of the electro-oxidation process on the surface of the modified electrode was analyzed. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied as a very sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of sub-micro-molar amounts of vitamin B₉. The linear response range and detection limit were found to be 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁴ M and 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ M, respectively. The prepared modified electrode shows several advantages such as simple preparation method, high stability, high sensitivity, and excellent catalytic activity, long-term stability and remarkable voltammetric reproducibility for eletrooxidation of vitamin B₉. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of vitamin B₉ in food samples.     

食用油中反式脂肪酸的气—质分析法研究

建立气相色谱—质谱法测定食用植物油中反式脂肪酸的分析方法。食用植物油中的脂肪酸甲酯化后,经强极性毛细管柱SP—2560分离,采用质谱全扫描Scan方式得到各组分质谱图与标准谱库做相似度检索来定性,面积归一化法定量。用所建立的方法测定了6种常见食用植物油中反式脂肪酸含量,该法测定食用植物油中的反式脂肪酸含量前处理简单、快...     

几种食品添加剂对蔬菜杂粮方便面品质影响的研究

研究了几种食品添加剂对蔬菜杂粮方便面品质的影响,结果表明,随着羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶添加量的增加,方便面的断条率减少,吸水率增大.当CMC-Na添加量在0.5%以下时,方便面烹煮损失随其添加量的增大变化不明显.烹煮损失随瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶添加量的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当其添加量为0.3%时,面条烹煮损失达到最小值.在减少方便面烹煮损失、断条率方面,单甘酯比蔗糖酯更加有效,马铃薯变性淀粉优于马铃薯原淀粉.