质量管理也要与时俱进--换版认证前先推行新标准必要性刍议

新颁布的ISO9000：2000标准，融资了世界各国质量管理的理论研究成果与实践经验，为企业进一步提高质量管理水平和市场竞争力，提供了新机遇，已获得94版ISO9000标准审核认证证书的企业，尽管证书有效期未到，但也应及时学习贯彻推行新的标准。     

用基于叠层元的h－p方式自适应有限元计算磁场问题（I）

对于磁场问题的自适应有限元计算，许多作者采用ｈ加密方式，近几年来，也有一些作者采用ｐ加密方式；关于ｈ－Ｐ加密方式，虽然在理论上早已肯定，却一直未在实际上真正实施。本文在作者关于叠层三角元结构的理论分析基础上，提出两种磁场有限元计算的简便易行且达到较高精度的ｈ－Ｐ方式自适应方案；并对几个具有解析解的典型问题，从精度和ＣＰＵ时间等方面对ｈ－Ｐ方式和ｈ方式进行了全面的比较。     

A p‐version,first order shear deformation,finite element for geometrically non‐linear vibration of curved beams

A p‐version, hierarchical finite element for curved, moderately thick, elastic and isotropic beams is introduced. The convergence properties of the element are analysed and some results are compared with results published elsewhere or calculated using a commercial finite element package. It is verified that, with the proposed element, shear locking does not affect the computation of the natural frequencies and that low dimensional, accurate models are obtainable. Geometrically non‐linear vibrations due to finite deformations, which occur for harmonic excitations with frequencies close to the first three natural frequencies of vibration, are investigated using Newmark's method. The influence of the thickness, longitudinal inertia and curvature radius on the dynamic behaviour of curved beams are studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

行为安全“2-4”模型的扩充版

现有的行为安全"2-4"模型已能够精确定位事故"管理漏洞"原因的具体位置和内容,但由于未考虑事故发生内、外部组织因素的影响,因此尚不能全面揭示事故发生的原因。以行为安全"2-4"模型为基础,提出了包含几类影响因素在内的扩充版行为安全"2-4"模型,并应用该模型对国家标准给出的事故原因进行了重新归类,将事故责任者进行了科学定义与分类,同时基于该模型得到了事故预防线路图。研究得到的扩充版行为安全"2-4"模型增加了"内部影响链"和"外部影响链",这两条链中的动作发出者会通过确定的路线来影响事故的发生;应用该模型将国家标准给出的12种事故原因归为直接、间接、根本、内部影响以及外部影响原因;按照事故的责任与原因相对应原则,将事故责任者分为直接、间接、主要、内部影响以及外部影响责任者5类;将该模型中的事故、损失等不安全方面分别改为安全业绩、收益等安全方面后得到了事故预防图,可为事故预防提供借鉴。     

相异性容错设计的概念及其实现

相异性设计是为避免共性故障而采取的一种设计方法，是不同的工作组根据一个初始规范分别设计满足规范的独立工作系统，通过互相之间的故障监控，对发生的故障进行检测、隔离和定位，并可能进行重构，这种系统容错概念的理论基础是独立开发系统，不会发生共性故障，为此介绍了相异性设计的概念及几个使用相异性设计实现的容错系统，并进行了初步的可靠性评价。     

La mesure de perfectionnisme: Validation canadienne-fran?aise du Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale.

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of a French version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale developed by L. A. Terry-Short (1995). This instrument measures the type as well as the level of perfectionism in adolescents. The instrument was first administered to 734 7th, 9th, and 11th grade students. Four weeks later, 596 Ss were invited to answer the questionnaire once more. The factorial structure, temporal stability and internal consistency of each subscales of the translated version of the instrument correspond to those of the original version. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THE DISCIPLE–RKF LEARNING AND REASONING AGENT

Over the years we have developed the Disciple theory, methodology, and family of tools for building knowledge-based agents. This approach consists of developing an agent shell that can be taught directly by a subject matter expert in a way that resembles how the expert would teach a human apprentice when solving problems in cooperation. This paper presents the most recent version of the Disciple approach and its implementation in the Disciple–RKF (rapid knowledge formation) system. Disciple–RKF is based on mixed-initiative problem solving , where the expert solves the more creative parts of the problem and the agent solves the more routine ones, integrated teaching and learning , where the agent helps the expert to teach it, by asking relevant questions, and the expert helps the agent to learn, by providing examples, hints, and explanations, and multistrategy learning , where the agent integrates multiple learning strategies, such as learning from examples, learning from explanations, and learning by analogy, to learn from the expert how to solve problems. Disciple–RKF has been applied to build learning and reasoning agents for military center of gravity analysis, which are used in several courses at the US Army War College.     

ArcSDE版本机制实现水土流失时空数据库

为实现水土流失数据库由常用的空间数据库向时空数据库的转变,并为解决水土流失“长事务”业务与常用“锁定—修改—释放”的事务处理策略间的矛盾,提出了用ArcSDE版本机制实现水土流失时空数据库的方法。针对几种有代表性的时空数据模型的特点和其局限性,提出了基于ArcSDE版本机制的时空数据模型,阐述了ArcSDE版本机制实现水土流失时空数据库的方法,介绍了用ArcEngine实现历史回溯和版本合并的具体方法。应用结果表明,该方法解决了水土流失监测业务中长事务问题。     

Construct Validation of the Dutch Version of the Impact of Event Scale.

The Impact of Event Scale (ES; M. J. Horowitz, N. Wilner, & W. Alvarez, 1979) is a worldwide-used self-report measure to assess the frequency of intrusive and avoidant phenomena after a variety of traumatic experiences. The purpose of this article is to assess the psychometric value of the Dutch version of the IES (D. Brom & R. J. Kleber, 1985) in several samples of individuals who had experienced various traumatic stressors. The reliability and structure of the IES were evaluated in 3 different samples (total N = 1.588). The reliability of the Dutch version of the IES was adequate across the various stressors. The construct validity was assessed by using confirmatory factor analyses. Outcomes revealed a robust structure over the various samples, generally supporting the composition of the original IES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cooperative transaction hierarchies: Transaction support for design applications

Traditional atomic and nested transactions are not always well-suited to cooperative applications, such as design applications. Cooperative applications place requirements on the database that may conflict with the serializability requirement. They require transactions to be long, possibly nested, and able to interact with each other in a structured way. We define a transaction framework, called acooperative transaction hierarchy, that allows us to relax the requirement for atomic, serializable transactions to better support cooperative applications. In cooperative transaction hierarchies, we allow the correctness specification for groups of designers to be tailored to the needs of the application. We usepatterns andconflicts to specify the constraints imposed on a group's history for it to be correct. We also provide some primitives to smooth the operation of the members. We characterize deadlocks in a cooperative transaction hierarchy, and provide mechanisms for deadlock detection and resolution. We examine issues associated with failure and recovery.