基于H.264的新型视频加密算法

本文提出了一种新的基于H.264标准的视频加密算法结构。使用改进的FMO机制(advanced-FMO mechanism)将具有相关性的宏块打入不同的Slice中,通过对FMO子图的加密达到对整个视频内容进行加密的目的。本文提出的加密算法具有很高的实时性,加密过程可以和编码过程并行执行。同时本算法还可以和传统的加扰算法结合,进一步提高视频的加密效果。     

Comparing the streaming of FGS encoded video at different aggregation levels: frame,GoP, and scene

Fine granularity scalability (FGS), a new coding technique that has recently been added to the MPEG‐4 video coding standard, allows for the flexible scaling of each individual video frame at very fine granularity. This flexibility makes FGS video very well suited for rate‐distortion optimized streaming mechanisms, which minimize the distortion (i.e. maximize the quality) of the streamed video by transmitting the optimal number of bits for each individual frame. The per‐frame optimization of the transmission schedule, however, puts a significant computational burden on video servers and intermediate streaming gateways. In this paper we investigate the rate‐distortion optimized streaming at different video frame aggregation levels. We find that compared to the optimization for each individual video frame, optimization at the level of video scenes reduces the computational effort dramatically, while reducing the video quality only very slightly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Response of montane meadow vegetation after two years of streamflow augmentation

Changes in montane meadow vegetation were examined in a previously ephemeral drainage that received flow augmentation as a mitigation measure for a transbasin diversion in southeastern Wyoming. After two years of elevated surface and groundwater levels, the herbaceous vegetation shifted toward more water-tolerant species. Dry meadows became like moist meadows, moist meadows became more like moist-wet meadows, and moist-wet meadows became more like wet meadows. Sedge (Carex spp.) biomass increased from 337 to 456 g m^?2 in the wet meadows, while tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa) biomass decreased from 18 to 3 g m^?2 in the moist-wet meadows. Slimstem reedgrass (Calamagrostis neglecta) remained unchanged in the meadows with shallow standing water, but increased from 17 to 88 stems m^?2 in the dry meadows with an elevated water table. Bare ground also increased as much as 31 per cent in the meadows without a defined drainage channel.     

Presentation‐Oriented Key‐Frames Coding Based on Fractals

This paper focuses on the problem of key‐frames coding and proposes a new promising approach based on the use of fractals. The summary, made of a set of key‐frames selected from a full‐length video sequence, is coded by using a 3D fractal scheme. This allows the video presentation tool to expand the video sequence in a “natural” way by using the property of the fractals to reproduce the signal at several resolutions. This feature represents an important novelty of this work with respect to the alternative approaches, which mainly focus on the compression ratio without taking into account the presentation aspect of the video summary. In devising the coding scheme, we have taken care of the computational complexity inherent in fractal coding. Accordingly, the key‐frames are first wavelet transformed, and the fractal coding is then applied to each subband to reduce the search range. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

热电制冷摄象机密封腔真空阀的研制

根据热电冷摄象机的特殊需要，研制了一种配套的小型高真空截止阀。该阀门结构简单、成本低、能有效地减小摄象机的体积，实验结果表明：该阀门密封性能好，能够满足高真空度的要求，还可以推广应用到其它低温容器的真空密封中。     

High-velocity impact experiment of aluminum foam sample using powder gun

Porous materials such as aluminum foam have been investigated for possible use as impact shock absorbers in transportation aeronautic applications. However, the response of aluminum foam during impacts at high velocities of more than 100 m/s is not yet fully understood. A high-velocity impact experiment was therefore carried out to clarify impact shock absorption properties of aluminum foam. A one-stage powder gun was used to accelerate an aluminum foam sample to impact a rigid wall. Velocity and deformation of the aluminum foam sample during impact was studied using a digital high-speed video camera, while the pressure wave in the aluminum foam sample was measured using a PVDF gauge. The experimental observations revealed uneven collapse of the aluminum foam sample structure during high speed impact with a general stress plateau effect, typical for cellular material structures when subjected to quasi-static loading.     

Particle–bubble interaction and attachment in flotation

Flotation is an important unit operation in the minerals industry, among others. Current state-of-the-art flotation modelling combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with user-defined algorithms based on the “induction time” concept to describe selective bubble–particle attachment and separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles.We have undertaken experimental studies permitting direct observation of particle–bubble interaction and attachment at the microscale to provide empirical data for comparison with new theoretical predictions.Observations were made on a model system in which 150 μm glass particles were dropped onto a captive 1.3 mm air bubble formed in water within a glass cell. The interactions were recorded on high-speed digital video, permitting direct estimation of relevant parameters such as the approach velocity, and the duration of particle sliding over the bubble surface. A new experimental configuration has allowed the particle path toward, around, and away from the bubble to be totally unimpeded.Particle trajectories show a significant deviation at separations much larger than their own diameter; such deviations are due to the hydrodynamics. Comparisons with theoretical predictions indicate that the bubble surface exhibited mobility intermediate between “full slip” and “no slip”. Theoretical predictions for an immobile bubble surface were practically symmetrical about the bubble's equator, while asymmetry was apparent in the theoretical predictions for a mobile bubble surface. However, the strongest asymmetries were seen in the observed particle trajectories and speeds.Particles dropping more centrally were seen to slide over the surface of the bubble. In several cases the sliding particle ‘jumped in’ toward the bubble, which is interpreted as the precise moment of attachment. This provides for a direct estimate of the threshold duration to achieve attachment, i.e. “induction time”. Among the events observed were rotation of the particle upon jumping in, and particle jump-in below the bubble's equator. Explanations are proposed in terms of particle properties and flow phenomena.     

一种可变长码在视频编码中的应用

本文所讨论的一种可逆的可变长码，其码长分布与Golomb-Rice和exp-Golomb编码相同。其编码数据格式能够很好地应用于图像和视频的统计编码中，在保持编码效率的同时，很大程度地提高编码在信道传输中的纠错能力。     

The feasibility of a mixed reality surgical training environment

The Sheffield knee arthroscopy training system (SKATS) was originally a visual-based virtual environment without haptic feedback, but has been further developed as a mixed reality-training environment through the use of tactile augmentation (or passive haptics). The design of the new system is outlined and then tested. In the first experiment described, the effect of tactile augmentation on performance is considered by comparing novice performance using the original and mixed reality system. In the second experiment the mixed reality system is assessed in terms of construct validity by comparing the performance of users with differing levels of surgical expertise. The results are discussed in terms of the validity of a mixed reality environment for training knee arthroscopy.     

教育电视数字DV视频制作平台构建

随着数字技术的发展,电视节目制作已进入了数字化时代.高校教育电视因资金限制,电视制作设备一直处于陈旧、档次低、老化等状态,DV数字视频制作产品的出现,以其性能优良、经济实用、方便快捷等优势成为教育电视数字化进程的首选设备.介绍常用数字便携DV摄像产品及非线性编辑产品的性能和高校教育电视数字视频构建的平台方案.