Biased processing of emotional information in girls at risk for depression.

Researchers have documented that children of depressed mothers are at elevated risk for developing a depressive disorder themselves. There is currently little understanding, however, of what factors place these children at elevated risk. In the present study, the authors investigated whether never-disordered daughters whose mothers have experienced recurrent episodes of depression during their daughters' lifetime are characterized by biased processing of emotional information. Following a negative mood induction, participants completed an emotional-faces dot-probe task. Daughters at elevated risk for depression, but not control daughters of never-disordered mothers, selectively attended to negative facial expressions. In contrast, only control daughters selectively attended to positive facial expressions. These results provide support for cognitive vulnerability models of depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cognitive and serotonergic vulnerability to depression: Convergent findings.

Cognitive reactivity (CR) is a psychological vulnerability marker of depression, whereas response to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a serotonergic challenge procedure) is a biological vulnerability marker. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these markers. Thirty-nine remitted depressed patients participated in 2 ATD sessions in a double-blind crossover design. CR, assessed prior to the ATD sessions, predicted depressive response to high-dose ATD. CR also diminished the effects of 2 known predictors of ATD response: gender and residual symptoms. Neuroticism and behavioral inhibition were unrelated to ATD response. CR is associated with an increased sensitivity to reductions of serotonin concentrations. These findings present a small step toward unifying cognitive and neurobiological theories of depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于贝叶斯网络的飞机易损性评估方法

文中介绍了贝叶斯网络的基本知识以及结点概率的计算方法,提出了飞机易损性评估的贝叶斯网络方法,并建立了基于某型飞机模型的易损性评估的贝叶斯网络模型,最后通过算例证明了该方法的合理性。     

电动汽车充电桩自动化渗透测试系统的研究和设计

信息物理系统（cyber physical systems，CPS）是集计算、通信与控制于一体的智能系统。电动汽车充电设施是一种典型的信息物理系统，但当前大量部署在现场的充电桩终端存在着用户入侵充电桩系统导致系统异常等安全隐患，亟须研究设计一套针对充电桩的自动化渗透测试系统。从指纹扫描、漏洞检测和漏洞挖掘3个方面对充电桩自动化渗透测试系统进行研究与设计，旨在检测已知漏洞和挖掘未知漏洞，有效地对电动汽车充电桩进行全方位的自动化安全检测，提高充电桩的安全防护等级，加强充电桩的安全防护能力，减少针对充电桩安全攻击所造成的信息泄露和经济损失。     

Modeling and characterizing GPGPU reliability in the presence of soft errors

The general-purpose computing on graphic processing units (GPGPUs) becomes increasingly popular due to its high computational throughput for data parallel applications. Modern GPU architectures have limited capability for error detection and fault tolerance since they are originally designed for graphics processing. However, the rigorous execution correctness is required for general-purpose applications, which makes reliability a growing concern in the GPGPU architecture design. With CMOS processing technologies continuously scaling down to the nano-scale, on-chip soft error rate (SER) has been predicted to increase exponentially. GPGPUs with hundreds of cores integrated into a single chip are prone to manifest high SER. This paper explores a first step to model and characterize GPGPU reliability in light of soft errors. We develop GPGPU-SODA (GPGPU SOftware Dependability Analysis), a framework to estimate the soft-error vulnerability of GPGPU microarchitecture. By using GPGPU-SODA, we observe that several microarchitecture structures in GPGPUs exhibit high soft-error susceptibility, and the structure vulnerability is sensitive to the workload characteristics (e.g. branch divergences, memory access pattern). We further investigate the impact of several architectural optimizations on GPU soft-error robustness. For example, we find that increasing the number of threads supported by GPU significantly affects the GPGPU soft-error robustness. However, changing the warp scheduling policy has little impact on the structure vulnerability. The observations made in this study provide designers the useful guidance to build resilient GPGPUs: a comprehensive resiliency solution for GPGPUs should consider the entire GPGPU design instead of solely focusing on a particular structure.     

一种改进的可视化布局算法IGVA

可编程逻辑器件（PLD）存在安全缺陷,且危害性极大,将可视化技术作为PLD安全缺陷检测的辅助手段,其状态转移图布局是关键。针对状态转移图布局中存在的节点重叠、分布不均等不足,提出一种改进的可视化布局算法IGVA。该算法分阶段启发式计算引力和斥力,迭代早期通过减小节点问的引力以避免节点重叠,迭代后期通过减小边的斥力优化节点分布并减少图占用的空间。实验结果表明,IGVA可解决节点重叠的问题,达到图的布局要求。     

A novel approach to evaluate software vulnerability prioritization

The aim of this study is to formulate an analysis model which can express the security grades of software vulnerability and serve as a basis for evaluating danger level of information program or filtering hazardous weaknesses of the system and improve it to counter the threat of different danger factors. Through the utilization of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), we will organize the crossover factors of the software blind spots and build an evaluation framework. First of all, via the fuzzy Delphi method the aspects and relative determinants affecting security will be filtered out. Then we will identify the value equation of each factor and settle down the fuzzy synthetic decision making model of software vulnerability. Thanks to this model we will be able to analyze the various degrees to which the vulnerability is affecting the security and this information will serve as a basis for future ameliorations of the system itself. The higher the security score obtained therefore imply securer system. Beside this, this study also propose an improvement from the traditional fuzzy synthetic decision making model for measuring the fuzziness between enhancement and independence of various aspects and criteria. Furthermore taking into consideration the subjectivity of human in reality and constructing the fuzzy integral decision making model. Through case study, we show that the evaluation model in question is practical and can be applied on the new software vulnerabilities and measure their degree of penetration. The fuzzy integral decision making emphasize through formulation the multiply-add effect between different factors influencing information security.     

Ecological vulnerability analysis: A river basin case study

Assessing and quantifying ecosystem vulnerability is a key issue in site-specific ecotoxicological risk assessment. In this paper, the concept of vulnerability, particularly referred to aquatic ecosystems is defined. Sensitivity to stressors, susceptibility for exposure and recovery capability are described as component of vulnerability of biological communities. The potential for habitat changes must also be considered in ecosystem vulnerability assessment. A procedure based on the application of an ecosystem vulnerability index is proposed. The method allows the assessment of vulnerability of riverine ecosystems to multiple stressors. The procedure is applied to two river systems in northern Italy: River Serio, subject to strong human pressure, and River Trebbia, in semi-natural conditions, as reference system. Macrozoobenthos is chosen as the indicator community. The actual quality of River Serio was evaluated as the result of the multiple stressor pressure on the reference system. Values and limitations of the approach are discussed.     

Context and the interpretation of likelihood information: The role of intergroup comparisons on perceived vulnerability.

Four experiments investigated how people's perceptions about a group's (e.g., women's) vulnerability to a disease are influenced by information about the prevalence of the disease in a comparable group (e.g., men). Participants read symptom and prevalence information about fictitious diseases before answering questions regarding target group vulnerability. Participants used the prevalence rate for a nontarget group as an immediate comparison standard for intuitively interpreting the degree of vulnerability of a target group, resulting in robust contrast effects. Experiments 3 and 4 illustrated that these contrast effects can cause a person's intuitive perceptions about a group's vulnerability to selected diseases to conflict with his or her knowledge of the prevalence rates for the diseases. The results support a distinction between 2 components of psychological uncertainty--beliefs in objective probability and more intuitive perceptions of certainty. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Vulnerability and resilience in women with arthritis: Test of a two-factor model.

The purpose of this study was to test a 2-factor model of affective health in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 82) or osteoarthritis (OA; n = 88). Positive and negative social interactions and affect were assessed for 11 consecutive weeks. For each participant, Vulnerability and Resilience factors were created from factor analyses of positive and negative personal characteristics, respectively. Multilevel analyses tested the hypothesis that weekly changes in social interactions or affect would only be predicted by the factor of the same valence. The Vulnerability (and not the Resilience) factor predicted changes in negative interactions. The Resilience (and not the Vulnerability) factor predicted changes in positive interactions. The Vulnerability (and not the Resilience) factor predicted changes in current and next-week negative affect. The Resilience and Vulnerability factors each predicted changes in current and next-week positive affect, although the effects for Vulnerability were smaller than for Resilience. Finally, the Vulnerability factor interacted with pain to predict more future negative affect. The main implication is that both Vulnerability and Resilience should be considered in theory, research, and interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)