Thermally Controlled,Patterned Graphene Transfer Printing for Transparent and Wearable Electronic/Optoelectronic System

Graphene has been highlighted as a platform material in transparent electronics and optoelectronics, including flexible and stretchable ones, due to its unique properties such as optical transparency, mechanical softness, ultrathin thickness, and high carrier mobility. Despite huge research efforts for graphene‐based electronic/optoelectronic devices, there are remaining challenges in terms of their seamless integration, such as the high‐quality contact formation, precise alignment of micrometer‐scale patterns, and control of interfacial‐adhesion/local‐resistance. Here, a thermally controlled transfer printing technique that allows multiple patterned‐graphene transfers at desired locations is presented. Using the thermal‐expansion mismatch between the viscoelastic sacrificial layer and the elastic stamp, a “heating and cooling” process precisely positions patterned graphene layers on various substrates, including graphene prepatterns, hydrophilic surfaces, and superhydrophobic surfaces, with high transfer yields. A detailed theoretical analysis of underlying physics/mechanics of this approach is also described. The proposed transfer printing successfully integrates graphene‐based stretchable sensors, actuators, light‐emitting diodes, and other electronics in one platform, paving the way toward transparent and wearable multifunctional electronic systems.     

基于深度学习的大规模电磁信号识别

近年来,很多高质量的数据集支撑了深度学习在计算机视觉、语音和自然语言处理领域的快速发展.但在电磁信号识别领域仍缺乏高质量的数据集,为促进深度学习在电磁信号识别中的应用,本文基于广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)建立了一个大规模的真实电磁信号数据集.首先设计了一个自动数据收集和标注系统,在开放和真实的场景中自动捕获ADS-...     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的ECG消噪

 提出一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的ECG消噪方法,该方法对含噪ECG进行经验模态分解,对分解后的IMF进行Hilbert频谱分析,然后根据ECG信号噪声特点对三种主要噪声分别消噪.工频干扰和高频噪声主要存在于ECG的低阶IMF中,而基线漂移主要存在于ECG的高阶IMF中,对低阶IMF采用基于自适应阈值的形态学滤波方法进行消噪,对高阶IMF采用平滑滤波法进行基线漂移估计.仿真实验和实际应用结果表明该方法优于小波消噪法,不仅对三种主要噪声具有较好的抑制作用,还能很好的保留ECG波形特征.     

心电图数据压缩技术

本文介绍了在计算机上实现的二种心电图数据压缩方法，并详述了每种压缩法对心电图压缩技术的压缩比、失真度的影响。     

Flipped voltage follower based fourth order filter and its application to portable ECG acquisition system

This paper presents the designing of a compact flipped voltage follower (FVF) based fourth order low-pass filter (LPF). The circuit is designed by cascading current-reuse P-FVF and N-FVF biquads operating in sub-threshold region. The circuit attains a cut-off frequency of 206.14 Hz designed for portable ECG acquisition system. The proposed circuit is simulated in 0.13  μm CMOS technology in Cadence environment. The circuit occupies a chip area of 180.310  μm × 552.390  μm i.e. 0.0996 mm². LPF consumes 2.46 nW power with a supply voltage of 0.5 V. It provides a dynamic range of 65.17 dB with input referred noise of 22.214μVrms, HD₃ of 60.3 dB with 50 mVpp 50 Hz frequency. The circuit is compared with state of the art LPFs which provides the best figure of merit and shows enhanced performance in terms of noise, HD3 and dynamic range with lowest supply voltage and technology node.     

Robust Flexible Textile Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator via a 2D 2H-MoS2/Ta4C3 Dynamic Heterojunction

The tribovoltaic effect can convert semiconductor interfacial frictional mechanical energy into direct current (DC) electricity, but the flexibility and durability of semiconductor materials limit its application in wearable electronic. Herein, a robust flexible textile tribovoltaic nanogenerator is presented based on a 2D dynamic heterojunction of 2H-MoS₂/Ta₄C₃ (MTNG). During the friction process, a built-in electric field (E_b) and an additional interfacial electric field (E_CE) are generated in a continuous dynamic contact of 2H-MoS₂/Ta₄C₃, and through the 2H-MoS₂/Ta₄C₃ dynamic heterojunction, a significant number of electron-hole pairs are excited and move directionally to generate a DC. The influences of mechanical pressure and sliding speed on output performance of MTNGs are systematically investigated. The MTNGs deliver excellent output power density (39.15 mW m²) and outstanding robustness (43 000 cycles). Ten MTNGs can be connected in series to obtain a DC voltage of 3.3 V and in parallel to obtain a DC current of 75 µA. Furthermore, the MTNGs can effectively power a variety of commercial electronic watches and calculators by harvesting human kinetic energy. A 2D dynamic heterojunction 2H-MoS₂/Ta₄C₃ DC nanogenerator is described and offers a workable option for the creation of flexible DC power sources and self-powered wearable electronics.     

A Sensing and Stretchable Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Device Based on Spiderweb-Inspired Silver Nanowires-Micromesh Transparent Electrode

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) devices are truly promising optical modulators for information display, smart window as well as intelligent photoelectronic applications due to their fast switching, large optical modulation as well as cost-effectiveness. However, realizing highly soft PDLC devices with sensing function remains a grand challenge because of the intrinsic brittleness of traditional transparent conductive electrodes. Here, inspired by spiderweb configuration, a novel type of silver nanowires (AgNWs) micromesh-based stretchable transparent conductive electrodes (STCEs) is developed to support the realization of soft PDLC device. Benefiting from the embedding design of AgNWs micromesh in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the STCEs can maintain excellent electrical conductivity and transparency even in various extreme conditions such as bending, folding, twisting, stretching as well as multiple chemical corrosion. Further, STCEs with the embedded AgNWs micromesh endow the assembled PDLC device with excellent photoelectrical properties including rapid switching speed (<1 s), large optical modulation (69% at 600 nm), as well as robust mechanical stability (bending over 1000 cycles and stretching to 40%). Moreover, the device displays the pressure sensing function with high sensitivity in response to pressure stimulus. It is conceivable that AgNWs micromesh transparent electrodes will shape the next generation of related soft smart electronics.     

Wearable,Healable, and Adhesive Epidermal Sensors Assembled from Mussel‐Inspired Conductive Hybrid Hydrogel Framework

Healable, adhesive, wearable, and soft human‐motion sensors for ultrasensitive human–machine interaction and healthcare monitoring are successfully assembled from conductive and human‐friendly hybrid hydrogels with reliable self‐healing capability and robust self‐adhesiveness. The conductive, healable, and self‐adhesive hybrid network hydrogels are prepared from the delicate conformal coating of conductive functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotube (FSWCNT) networks by dynamic supramolecular cross‐linking among FSWCNT, biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol, and polydopamine. They exhibit fast self‐healing ability (within 2 s), high self‐healing efficiency (99%), and robust adhesiveness, and can be assembled as healable, adhesive, and soft human‐motion sensors with tunable conducting channels of pores for ions and framework for electrons for real time and accurate detection of both large‐scale and tiny human activities (including bending and relaxing of fingers, walking, chewing, and pulse). Furthermore, the soft human‐motion sensors can be enabled to wirelessly monitor the human activities by coupling to a wireless transmitter. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxicity results suggest that the hydrogels show no cytotoxicity and can facilitate cell attachment and proliferation. Thus, the healable, adhesive, wearable, and soft human‐motion sensors have promising potential in various wearable, wireless, and soft electronics for human–machine interfaces, human activity monitoring, personal healthcare diagnosis, and therapy.     

Photocurable 3D Printing of High Toughness and Self-Healing Hydrogels for Customized Wearable Flexible Sensors

Currently, most customized hydrogels can only be processed via extrusion-based 3D printing techniques, which is limited by printing efficiency and resolution. Here, a simple strategy for the rapid fabrication of customized hydrogels using a photocurable 3D printing technique is presented. This technique has been rarely used because the presence of water increases the molecular distance between the polymer chains and reduces the monomer polymerization rate, resulting in the failure of rapid solid-liquid separation during printing. Although adding cross-linkers to printing inks can effectively accelerate 3D cross-linked network formation, chemical cross-linking may result in reduced toughness and self-healing ability of the hydrogel. Therefore, an interpenetrated-network hydrogel based on non-covalent interactions is designed to form physical cross-links, affording fast solid-liquid separation. Poly(acrylic acid (AA)-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP)) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are cross-linked via Zn²⁺-ligand coordination and hydrogen bonding; the resulting mixed AA-NVP/CMC solution is used as the printing ink. The printed poly(AA-NVP/CMC) hydrogel exhibited high tensile toughness (3.38 MJ m⁻³) and superior self-healing ability (healed stress: 81%; healed strain: 91%). Some objects like manipulator are successfully customized by photocurable 3D printing using hydrogels with high toughness and complex structures. This high-performance hydrogel has great potential for application in flexible wearable sensors.     

Degradable and Fully Recyclable Dynamic Thermoset Elastomer for 3D-Printed Wearable Electronics

Wearable electronics have become an important part of daily lives. However, its rapid development results in the problem of electronic waste (e-waste). Consequently, recyclable materials suitable for wearable electronics are highly sought after. In this study, a conductive recyclable composite (PFBC) is designed based on a dynamic covalently cross-linked elastomer and hierarchical hybrid nanofillers. The PFBC shows excellent wide-ranging properties including processability, elasticity, conductivity, and stability, which are superior to previous materials used for recyclable electronics, and exhibits outstanding mechanical properties and environmental tolerance including high temperature, high humidity, brine, and ethanol owing to its covalent cross-linking. Reversible dissociation of Diels–Alder networks allows for convenient processing and recycling. After three recycles, the toughness of the PFBC remained at 10.1 MJ m⁻³, which is conspicuous among the reported recyclable electronic materials. Three types of PFBC-based wearable electronics including a triboelectric nanogenerator, a capacitive pressure sensor, and a flexible keyboard, are successfully 3D printed with excellent performance. The PFBC possessed both recyclability and degradability, the combination of which provides a new way to reduce e-waste. This is the first work to recycle electronics using direct 3D printing and presents promising new design principles and materials for wearable electronics.