A novel approach to generate MCQs from domain ontology: Considering DL semantics and open-world assumption

Ontologies are structures, used for knowledge representation, which model domain knowledge in the form of concepts, roles, instances and their relationships. This knowledge can be exploited by an assessment system in the form of multiple choice questions (MCQs). The existing approaches, which use ontologies expressed in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) for MCQ generation, are limited to simple concept related questions — “What is C?” or “Which of the following is an example of C?” (where $C$ is a concept symbol) — or analogy type questions involving roles. There are no efforts in the literature which make use of the terminological axioms in the ontology such as existential, universal and cardinality restrictions on concepts and roles for MCQ generation. Also, there are no systematic methods for generating incorrect answers (distractors) from ontologies. Distractor generation process has to be given much importance, since the generated distractors determine the quality and hardness of an MCQ. We propose two new MCQ generation approaches, which generate MCQs that are very useful and realistic in conducting assessment tests, and the corresponding distractor generating techniques. Our distractor generation techniques, unlike other methods, consider the open-world assumption, so that the generated MCQs will always be valid (falsity of distractors is ensured). Furthermore, we present a measure to determine the difficulty level (a value between 0 and 1) of the generated MCQs. The proposed system is implemented, and experiments on specific ontologies have shown the effectiveness of the approaches. We also did an empirical study by generating question items from a real-world ontology and validated our results with the help of domain experts.     

嵌入式Web控制终端的物联网移动E-Laboratory平台

为了进一步提高大学校园设备资源的利用率,实现多种实验装置的网络化控制和用户终端移动化,基于物联网技术,将LAMP移植到采用ARM架构的微处理器上,通过搭建嵌入式Web控制终端,对Web服务平台进行了详细的设计,实现了多种实验装置的网络化控制;将单自由度机械臂系统这一实验装置与EWC_T连接,基于Android操作系统上开发了一个应用,设计并搭建了Mobile Experiment系统,实现了网络化实验室平台的用户终端的移动化;通过实验证明该系统能够可靠地完成对实验装置的远程控制,并具有低功耗、低成本和便携性好等优点。     

HTML5移动web应用技术实现分析

与Native应用相比,移动web应用能很好地解决目前Native操作系统割裂的问题,将为产业链各方带来全新的平等竞争机会,引导移动互联网产业链的新模式发展。本文首先介绍了HTML5移动web应用的发展概况,然后分析了基于HTML5移动web应用相关技术标准的发展情况,随后对基于HTML5的移动web应用及终端的技术实现方案进行了分析,最后对全文内容进行了总结,从HTML5移动web应用、技术标准及终端的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于XML元素加密的Web服务安全策略

Web服务使开发人员能够建立一种面向服务的、平台无关的、分布式的应用程序架构,另一方面Web服务使用XML在网络中进行数据交换,如何提高Web服务的安全性则成为需要解决的关键问题。本文论述了基于对XML文件中的元素进行加密的策略,从而保证了Web服务安全性。     

Two for the General Audience Plus a Survey on BI

Abstract

The research in this paper considers the complex and dynamic arrangements for potential and actual knowledge sharing in interorganizational networks. The essence of this stance is that “knowledge” relates to affirmative managerial action beyond the necessary collection of information facilitated through technology. The issue is to determine the nature and extent of the degree of organizational agreement that may be achieved as competitors either cooperate or continue to compete in the face of challenging and pervasive market conditions. The theory relating to network formulation is reviewed, findings from empirical analyses from the experiences from automobile distributors in a large USA city, and one scientific collaborators network are presented. A framework is proposed identifying the factors necessary to initially construct the network and then to further sustain it over time. A number of lessons learned are developed, which are believed to be of value to researchers and practitioners engaged in these processes.     

Known-Item Searching on the World Wide Web

Abstract

With the explosion of the World Wide Web, numerous search engines have proliferated online, claiming to be the best, fastest, or most accurate. Though each product is slightly different from the others in its presentation and search architecture, what all are providing is keyword searching of the Web's millions of pages. However, there are circumstances, just like in a library catalog, where an individual may want to perform a known-item search rather than a keyword search. The purpose of this paper was to discover whether known-item searches are possible with some of the Web's most popular search engines, and if the results retrieved using such a search would be satisfactory to a user. The author tested and compared four major Web search engines, using the most sophisticated search techniques available. Thirty-nine sites were selected and searched by title, and ranked according to the relevance and order of the displayed results.     

Communicating with Faculty,Staff, and Students Using Library Blogs: Results from a Survey of Academic Health Sciences Libraries

This study investigated use and management of blogs in academic health sciences libraries. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected with a questionnaire distributed to bloggers and administrators representing 22 libraries self-identified as using blogs to publish library newsletters. Perceived barriers to use of blogs included lack of patron awareness and technical issues. Blogs were viewed as easy to use by librarians and blogs are used to promote licensed resources. Blogs do not replace other interactions with librarians, but in the future, could be used to develop a community, provide tools for learning, and increase visibility of the library.     

Algorithms for checking channel passing in web service choreography

Web service choreography describes global mod- els of service interactions among a set of participants. For an interaction to be executed, the participants must know the required channel（s） used in the interaction, otherwise the ex- ecution will get stuck. Since channels are composed dynami- cally, the initial channel set of each participant is often insuf- ficient to meet the requirements. It is the responsibility of the participants to pass required channels owned （known） by one to others. Since service choreography may involve many par- ticipants and complex channel constraints, it is hard for de- signers to specify channel passing in a choreography exactly as required. We address the problem of checking whether a service choreography lacks channels or has redundant chan- nels, and how to automatically generate channel passing based on interaction flows of the service choreography in the case of channel absence. Concretely, we propose a sim- ple language Chorc, a channel interaction sub-language for modeling the channel passing aspect of service choreography. Based on the formal operational semantics of Chore, the algo- rithms for static checking of service choreography and gen- erating channel passing are also studied, and the complexity results of algorithms are discussed. Moreover, some illus- trated service choreography examples are presented to show how to formalize and analyze service choreography with channel passing in Chorc.     

社区问答系统研究综述

作为一种新兴的知识共享模式,社区问答系统(CQA)具有交互性、开放性的特点,能够更好地满足为用户提供个性化的信息服务的需求。对社区问答系统的研究及应用现状进行综述,系统阐述了用户行为模式、内容质量检测、问题检索等CQA中主要问题的研究以及CQA在其他媒体中的应用。最后展望了CQA中下一步值得研究的问题。本讨论有助于进一步丰富和拓展CQA的研究。     

Web信息抽取及知识表示系统的研究与实现

研究了从数据密集型Web页面中自动提取结构化数据并形成知识表示系统的问题。基于知识数据库实现动态页面获取,进行预处理后转换为XML文档,采用基于PAT-array的模式发现算法自动发现重复模式,结合基于本体的关键词库自动识别页面数据显示结构模型,利用XML的对象-关系映射技术将数据存入知识数据库,由此实现Web数据自动抽取。同时,利用知识数据库已有知识从互联网抽取新知识,达到知识数据库的自扩展。以交通信息自动抽取及混合交通出行方案生成与表示系统进行的实验表明该系统具有高抽取准确率和良好的适应性。