Exploring Internal Structure of Nanoporous Glasses Obtained by Leaching of Phase‐Separated Alkali Borosilicate Glasses

Mesoporous glasses – the leaching products of phase‐separated alkali borosilicate glasses – are widely used in fundamental research and practical applications. In this work, the option to control their internal mesopore structure by varying the conditions of microphase separation has been studied. Structure and transport characterization of a family of nanoporous glasses obtained under different conditions has been performed using a combination of several experimental techniques, including gas adsorption, nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry and diffusometry.     

打火机防风罩多工位级进模设计

分析了打火机防风罩的结构特点及其冲压成形技术难点,叙述了打火机风防风罩级进模冲压工艺及排样,介绍了模具结构设计和制造要点,可为同类零件级进模设计提供参考。     

溶胶凝胶法对相玻璃转变行为的影响

本文分别采用溶胶凝胶法和常规法制备钠钙硅玻璃,液相温度和不混溶上限温度用光学显微镜和透射电镜进行测定。结果发现溶胶凝胶法(SGD)制备的玻璃液相温度比同组成的常规法(CD)制备的玻璃液相温度要高。对于组成落在介稳分相区的玻璃,溶胶凝胶法玻璃的不混溶上限温度要比相应的常规法玻璃高,而对于落在不稳分相区的玻璃则两种方法制备的玻璃具有相同的不混溶上限温度。该现象归迹于这两种不同方法制备的玻璃结构上稍有差别,即溶胶凝胶法制备的玻璃结构中含有较多的OH~-而导致的;这种结构上的差异引起了玻璃在析晶或分相期间的动力学和热力学上的不同。     

Peculiar electric properties of polarized layer in alkaline silicate glasses

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was applied to study polarization phenomena in alkaline silicate glasses, in particular, properties and structure of subsurface (anodic) polarized layers forming in poling with deposited film electrodes of different structures. A model of poled glasses which does not contradict experimental data is proposed. In accordance with the model, a poled glass is presented as two resistor-capacitor circuits in a series connection, one of which is the polarized layer and another is the rest of the sample. It is found that the electric properties of the layers essentially depend on the structure of the anodic electrode used in glass poling. It is also shown that the dielectric response of poled glass samples is mainly determined by the electric properties of the submicron polarized layers and this gives an opportunity to reveal specific properties of the layers rather than ones of the glass sample bulk. Revealed temperature dependence of DC conductivity of the polarized layers obeys Arrhenius's law, and determining activation energy does not depend on the electrode. Finally, it is noted that today above-mentioned information about polarized layers can be obtained only by BDS.     

Enhancement of the radiation resistance of cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses through codoping with Sb2O3 and Bi2O3

The growing demand for radiation-resistant optical glasses for space and nuclear radiation applications has attracted significant research interest. However, radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses have been poorly studied. In this work, we report on the tailoring and performance of radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses that contained cerium through codoping with Sb₂O₃ and Bi₂O₃. The physical properties, optical properties, microstructure, and defects of fluorophosphate glasses were investigated using transmittance measurements, absorption measurements, as well as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the radiation resistance of all codoped fluorophosphate glasses was better than the undoped cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses after 10–250 krad(Si) irradiation. Especially in glasses doped with Bi₂O₃, the optical density increment at 385 nm was only 0.1482 after 250 krad(Si) irradiation. The CeO₂ prevented the development of phosphate-related oxygen hole center (POHC) defects, whereas further codoping with Bi₂O₃ suppressed the formation of oxygen hole center (OHC) and POEC defects, reducing the breaking of phosphate chains caused by CeO₂. Bi³⁺ is more likely than Sb³⁺ to change the valence, affecting the transition equilibrium of intrinsic defects and reducing the concentration of defects produced by irradiation. When codoping with Sb₂O₃ and Bi₂O₃, Bi₂O₃ does not enhance radiation resistance owing to the scission effect of Sb₂O₃ on the phosphate chain, which is not conducive to the radiation resistance of glasses. This indicates that the cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses doped with Bi₂O₃ can effectively suppress the defects caused by irradiation and improve the radiation resistance of the glasses.     

Synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Ca0.9Gd0.1MnO3 obtained by modified glycine nitrate procedure (MGNP)

Ca_0.9Gd_0.1MnO₃ nanopowders with perovskite type crystal structure were synthesized by modified glycine nitrate procedure. Nanopowders were prepared by combining glycine with metal nitrates and/or metal acetates in their appropriate stoichiometric ratios. Modification of the procedure was performed by partial replacement of nitrates by acetates, in order to control the burn-up reaction. Obtained Ca_0.9Gd_0.1MnO₃ powders were calcinated in the temperature interval from 850 °C to 950 °C for 10 min. Properties such as phase evolution, lattice parameters, chemical composition and magnetic properties were monitored by DTA, X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDS and magnetic measurements. Magnetic measurements performed at the sample with the smallest crystallite size showed that a 10% of Gd³⁺ substituted Ca²⁺ ions changes antiferromagnetic properties of CaMnO₃ by the introduction of ferromagnetic interaction due to a double exchange between Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions. Presence of competing interactions and their randomness lead to a formation of a spin glass state below Neel temperature T_N = 110 K. From the high temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements effective magnetic moment of manganese ions is determined which lies between the values for Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions.     

钠钙玻璃熔窑应慎用全氧燃烧技术

通过对普通空气助燃熔窑和全氧燃烧熔窑的对比分析,指出在国内以火力发电为主的现状下,对熔化率高、熔化能耗低及产品产值不高的普通钠钙玻璃熔窑,采用全氧燃烧技术后不能节能,氮氧化物减排效果不明显,成本也有所提高,目前应慎重选用全氧燃烧技术;对于熔制质量要求高、熔化能耗较大及产品产值高的特种玻璃,采用全氧燃烧技术后节能和NOx减排明显,成本降低,经济效益和社会效益好,可考虑逐步推行全氧燃烧技术。     

CR-39树脂镜片表面涂覆工艺的研究

介绍了采用有机硅涂料涂覆CR-39树脂镜片，提高镜片耐擦伤性和硬度，使其达到铅笔硬度5～6H。着重研究了吉林大学和成都有机硅研究中心研制的2种有机硅涂料涂覆CR-39树脂镜片的生产工艺条件、注意事项、异常现象及其解决方法。     

掺杂和密闭透窗对炸药激光起爆感度的影响

用Bruccton法测定了掺杂碳黑和碳纳米管的RDX和PETN炸药的起爆阈值,同时比较了K9玻璃和蓝宝石两种玻璃透窗下激光起爆感度的区别,以及自由振荡和调Q两种激光模式对RDX和PETN起爆感度的影响.结果表明,掺杂碳黑和碳纳米管均可提高RDX和PETN的感度,碳黑的掺杂效果好于碳纳米管,其中掺杂质量分数1%碳黑的RD...     

The Relationship Between the Microhardness and Glass Transition Temperature of Inorganic Glasses Compared with Polymeric Glasses

ABSTRACT

In this article an attempt is undertaken to verify the approach already successfully applied to polymeric glasses for deriving a simple analytic relationship between the glass transition temperature, T_g , and Vickers microhardness, H_v , (for polymers it is H_v  = 1.57 T_g –571, H_v in MPa, T_g in K). On the basis of previously reported data for H_v and T_g of 12 inorganic glasses (lead-silicate-, alkali-silicate-, alumosilacate, and quartz glasses) a linear relationship in the form H_v  = 5.87 T _g + 1740 (H_v in MPa, T_g in K) is derived. In addition, a critical analysis of the published attempt for theoretical deriving of the relationship between H_v and T_g is also offered.