Wald's mighty maximin: a tutorial

Ever since its appearance on the scene in the 1940s, in the then nascent field of statistical decision theory, Wald's maximin paradigm has played a vital role in many disciplines in the treatment of nonprobabilistic uncertainty, both as a tool of thought and as a practical instrument. In fact, in some fields, such as modern robust optimization, Wald's paradigm dominates the scene. It is important to note that this paradigm's preeminence in many fields continues unabated, despite its obvious limitations and the criticism that had been and continues to be leveled at it. So, in this tutorial we examine the methodological aspects of this stalwart of decision theory from the viewpoint of robust decision‐making, paying special attention to its obvious and not so obvious limitations and to its relation to other maximin paradigms.     

MC环境下基于案例推理的零件相似度与工时估算研究

在MC环境下,为了使零件工时快速且准确的被估算出,以案例推理理论为基础,研究了零件相似度与工时之间的内在关系,提出了零件相似度的工时估算新方法。首先,通过CASE检索法和零件拓扑结构相似度在规范的案例库中检索并筛选出符合要求的相似零件样本;其次,根据零件相似性机理,确定零件相似度的内涵,构建零件相似度的计算模型,即零件拓扑结构相似度计算模型和零件特性相似度计算模型;最后,通过Matlab软件确定零件相似度与工时之间的关系函数,从而实现定制零件加工时间的快速估算,并用实例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于模型的方法在软件测试领域的应用与发展

伴随着软件在当今社会中扮演着日益重要的角色,在各类软件或系统的开发过程中,测试变得越来越重要.随着面向对象技术的广泛应用和软件测试自动化的要求,基于模型的测试(MBT)技术逐渐得到了软件开发和测试人员的认可和接受.尽管有许多国内出版物讨论了基于模型的测试技术,但还没有相关技术文章对MBT技术及工具的当前发展进行回顾与总结.文章对当前MBT技术的通用模型、测试用例生成方法、测试目标选择等MBT方法进行回顾,并对基于模型的自动化测试工具、应用实践进行了概述.最后,探讨了MBT技术的未来发展与研究方向.     

A reflection on information systems strategizing: the role of power and everyday practices

We review the IS strategizing literature and highlight its main strengths and weaknesses. Strengths include an account given to the relevance of tensions between planned and executed strategy, and associated tradeoffs such as rigidity and flexibility, formal and informal strategizing and the exploitation of static resources vis à vis the exploration of novel capabilities. Weaknesses relate to a predominant focus on an organizational level of analysis and a lack of power considerations. In this paper we aim to build on these strengths and to ameliorate these weaknesses by proposing a comprehensive IS strategizing framework that uses extant IS strategizing research as a foundation, rejuvenated by insights from the emerging strategy‐as‐practice literature. The paper extends our understanding of IS strategizing in light of the practice perspective by providing a multilevel account and incorporating power considerations.     

A new generator of causal ideal internal dynamics for a class of unstable linear differential equations

The generator design for causal ideal internal dynamics (IID), namely, solving IID, is a fundamental problem in a nonminimum‐phase output tracking process. In this paper, for a class of unstable matrix differential equations, a new causal IID generator is proposed, whose parameters are partly chosen via optimization. Compared with existing similar design schemes, it is applicable to matrix differential equations with singular system matrices. Also, it requires less computation, avoids taking higher order derivatives, and can be easily extended to treat slowly time‐varying matrix differential equations without the need for extra computation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高职《计算机平面设计技术》课程的改革与实践

计算机平面设计技术的教学质量直接影响学生的软件运用技能、创意思维开发和就业方向。基于以往教学中存在的问题,通过整合教学内容模块,将案例式教学植入“块”中,并用项目式教学带动竞技以及制定增加自评和互评的评价标准等一系列改革,在教学实践中,不断推陈出新,更好地服务于教学。     

云计算背景下企业IT 决策机制框架

云计算的不同应用水平会在不同程度影响企业的IT决策,相应的IT决策机制也会随之发生变化．本文深入分析了云计算的三层服务模式对IT决策的影响,由此提出了基于云计算背景的IT决策机制框架．并通过国外成功实施云计算的企业案例分析并验证本文得出的IT决策机制框架．本文不仅对以往的IT决策机制框架的基础上加入了IT服务模式维度,同时也为云计算在企业中的应用提供了制度框架．     

On the estimation of adequate test set size using fault failure rates

Test set size in terms of the number of test cases is an important consideration when testing software systems. Using too few test cases might result in poor fault detection and using too many might be very expensive and suffer from redundancy. We define the failure rate of a program as the fraction of test cases in an available test pool that result in execution failure on that program. This paper investigates the relationship between failure rates and the number of test cases required to detect the faults. Our experiments based on 11 sets of C programs suggest that an accurate estimation of failure rates of potential fault(s) in a program can provide a reliable estimate of adequate test set size with respect to fault detection and should therefore be one of the factors kept in mind during test set construction. Furthermore, the model proposed herein is fairly robust to incorrect estimations in failure rates and can still provide good predictive quality. Experiments are also performed to observe the relationship between multiple faults present in the same program using the concept of a failure rate. When predicting the effectiveness against a program with multiple faults, results indicate that not knowing the number of faults in the program is not a significant concern, as the predictive quality is typically not affected adversely.     

基于软件需求分析方法的机械产品需求建模研究

通过对软件与机械产品的需求进行比较,说明了将软件需求分析方法应用于机械产品的需求分析建模的可行性,同时通过对OOSE的用例图方法进行详细分析与扩展以实现这一目标。这种机械产品需求建模方法具有系统化、表达方式直观简洁、支持全生命周期后续各阶段等特点,并为全生命周期的产品模型集成打下良好的基础。