火焰炉预热燃烧节约燃料的研究

利用废气余热或其他热源预热燃料和/或助燃空气可称为预热燃烧技术。事实上,该技术已广泛应用于火焰炉,并在节约燃料和其他方面均取得了明显的效果。本文借助于热平衡分析和无量纲分析方法,对火焰炉预热燃烧节约燃料效果问题给出一种理论研究结果,内容包括一系列具有实用价值的方程和较为详尽的分析讨论,并同时用若干实例进行分析检验。     

预混式燃气燃烧器的熄火保护装置的设计

介绍了预混式燃气燃烧器熄火保护装置的设计过程，根据对单火孔预混式燃气燃烧器燃烧时在火焰不同位置火焰电阻的测试结果，讨论了火焰导电信号的变化规律和信号处理方法，在此基础上设计出信号转化电路和与控制电路的接口，使火焰导电检测成为熄火保护装置的可靠、灵敏的火焰检测部件。     

室内可燃气体泄漏过程中的着火与火焰蔓延

采用小尺度箱体及液化石油气模拟室内燃气泄漏的条件,通过电火花点火,实验研究了在燃气泄漏过程中的着火与火焰蔓延的现象与规律.实验结果表明,火焰首先在燃料燃烧的浓限和稀限之间的可燃区域传播,并且在化学恰当比附近区域的传播速度最大,因此燃气的动态浓度场决定了火焰蔓延的形状.并表明可燃区域是一个逐渐发展的区域,最终其高度与窗沿高度相当,在此区域内点火最容易成功,因此是气体燃料泄漏后发生火灾的最危险的区域.实验结果还揭示了在火焰蔓延过程中,存在着由火焰面推进传播向空间整体燃烧过渡的现象.     

不同扩散效应下一维湍流模拟氢气-空气射流的扩散火焰

应用一维湍流模型（ODT）来研究湍流射流氢气．空气扩散火焰，研究过程中采用详细化学反应机理和多分量输运属性．对于火焰长度、主要燃烧产物及温度的预测较好地符合了实验结果．ODT模拟结果产生了较高的近场扰动．提出了一种旨在通过修改涡事件选择过程从而提高ODT模型精度的新观点．在模拟中检验了微分扩散效应，结果显示当前火焰中存在着显著不同的扩散效应．     

W型火焰锅炉的热态试验研究

针对东方锅炉厂引进FW公司300MW的W型火焰锅炉，设计搭建了1MW的W型火焰热态试验台，依据组织冷态空气动力场的试验结果组织了W型锅炉贫煤燃烧试验，研究了正常燃烧工况时炉膛中心温度分布规律及炉膛出口温度分布特性，得出炉膛中心截面温度分布和炉膛出口温度分布，分析了炉膛结渣的原因。     

花瓣稳燃器回流区的特性分析

通过数值模拟的方法,详细研究了花瓣稳燃器的回流区特性,给出了花瓣稳燃器回流区的三维立体形状图和回流区长度、宽度、回流量、最大回流速度等特性参数,并对衡量煤粉颗粒与高温回流烟气间掺混速度和掺混强度的掺混系数进行了分析;与普通扩流锥稳燃器的回流区进行了比较.结果表明：花瓣稳燃器的特殊设计能够形成多种回流区,对于旋流燃烧器燃烧低挥发分煤和低负荷运行具有良好的稳燃性能.图6表1参4     

Effect of Turbulence on Flame Propagation in Comstarch Dust-Air Mixtures

Following the quantitative determination of dust cloud parameters, this study investigated the flame propagation through cornstarch dust clouds in a vertical duct of 780 mm height and 160×160 mm square cross section, and gave particular attention to the effect of turbulence on flame characteristics. The turbulence induced by dust dispersion process was measured using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. Upward propagating dust flames were visualized with direct light and shadow photography. The results show that a critical value of the turbulence intensity can be specified below which laminar flame propagation would be established. This transition condition is about 10 cm/s. The measured propagation speed of laminar flames appears to be in the range of 0.45-0.56 m/s, consistent with the measurements reported in the literature. For the present experimental conditions, the flame speed is little sensitive to the variations in dust concentration. Some information on the flame structure was revealed from the shadow records, showing the typical heterogeneous feature of dust combustion process.     

Comprehensive study of the evolution of an annular edge flame during extinction and reignition of a counterflow diffusion flame perturbed by vortices

The structure of a time-dependent methane/enriched-air flame established in an axisymmetric, laminar counterflow configuration is investigated, as the flame interacts with two counterpropagating toroidal vortices. Computationally, the time-dependent equations are written using a modified vorticity–velocity formulation, with detailed chemistry and transport, and are solved implicitly on a nonstaggered, nonuniform grid. Boundary conditions are chosen to create local extinction and reignition in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry. Experimentally, CO planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), OH PLIF, and an observable proportional to the forward reaction rate (RR) of the reaction CO+OH→CO₂+H are measured. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to characterize the velocity field of the vortical structures and to provide detailed boundary conditions for the simulations. Excellent agreement is found between model and experiments to the minutest morphological details throughout the interaction. The validated model is then used to probe the dynamics of the two-dimensional extinction process with high temporal resolution. During the initial phase of the interaction, the flame is locally extinguished by the two vortices. The resulting edge flame propagates outward as an extinction front, with a structure that does not depart significantly from that of a diffusion flame. The front recedes from the axis of symmetry with a negative propagation speed that reaches a value as large as six times that of the freely propagating laminar flame with the same reactant concentrations found at the stoichiometric surface. As the front propagates outward, it transitions to an ignition front, and it reaches a positive propagation speed comparable to that of the freely propagating laminar flame. During this transition, it develops a characteristic premixed “hook,” with a lean premixed branch, a stoichiometric segment that evolves into the remnant of the original primary diffusion flame, and a much weaker secondary diffusion flame resulting from a secondary peak in heat release in the original unperturbed diffusion flame. No evidence of a distinct rich premixed flame is found. The edge flame stabilizes at a radial location where the local gaseous speed equals the propagation speed of the front. When the local perturbation has decayed below the flame propagation speed, the flame edge starts reigniting the mixing layer as an ignition wave that propagates with an essentially frozen structure along the stoichiometric surface until the original diffusion flame structure is fully recovered. Implications for flamelet modeling of turbulent flames with local extinction are discussed.     

Parametric and statistical investigation of the behavior of a lifted flame over a turbulent free-jet structure

Partially premixed combustion is involved in many practical applications, due to partial premixing of combustible and oxidant gases before ignition, or due to local extinctions, which lead to mixing of reactants and burned gases. To investigate some features of flames in stratified flows, the stabilization processes of lifted turbulent jet flames are studied. This work offers a large database of liftoff locations of flames stabilized on turbulence-free jets for different fuels and nozzle diameters studied over their flame stability domains. Methane, propane, and ethylene flames are investigated for nozzle diameters of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm. Blowout velocities are measured and compared with an approach based on large-scale structures of the jet. The axial and radial locations of the flame base are measured by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH radical through high sampling (at least 5000 points). From this large database the average locations of the flame base are analyzed for the fuels investigated. The pdfs exhibit an evolution of their shapes according to the region of the turbulent jet where the flame stabilizes (potential core, transition to turbulence, or fully developed turbulence regions). This dependence is probably due to the interaction of the flame with the jet structures. This is confirmed by the comparison between the amplitude of the height fluctuations and the local size of the large-scale structures deduced from particle image velocimetry measurements and self-similarity laws for velocity. The results show the flame can be carried over a distance equal to the local diameter of the jet within the region of fully developed turbulence for propane and ethylene, and over a slightly larger distance for methane.     

预混气体在多孔介质中往复流动下超绝热燃烧的理论探讨

预混合气在多孔介质中往复流动下的超绝热燃烧技术(简称RSCP)被称为划时代的燃烧技术，文章探讨了RSCP燃烧器的工作原理，全面阐述了多孔介质和换向装置在其中的作用；从能量守恒定理出发，通过数学分析给出了超绝热火焰产生的理论依据，提出超绝热现象是多孔介质中积累的热量的热传播波与混合气燃烧时的燃烧波叠加的结果。