GRAIN SHAPE EFFECT IN SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION

The method controlling grain shape in TMT processing and the effect of grain shape on char-acteristic parameters in superplastic deformation were discussed.The accommodation velocityof grahl boundary sliding,which is the dominant mechanism in superplastic deformation,andthe contribution of each mechanism to the total strain,as influenced by grain shape,were ana-lyzed.Grain shape has been shown to be an essential structural factor for superplasticity.Thenan analysis was made about the effect of grain shape on the region transition strain rate sothat a new concept,critical aspect for superplasticity,was worked out.These predictions werecompared with the measured results in an Al-Zn-Mg alloy.     

Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂对铝晶粒细化效果初探

对新型细化剂Al-Ti-B-RE的细化效果进行了探讨。结果表明：该中间合金是一种高效、长效的晶粒细化剂，当加入量为0．04％～0．10％，铝熔体在800℃静置30min的细化效果最显著，其效果优于进口Al-Ti-B细化剂。     

焊接热影响区微观结构演化的蒙特卡罗计算机模拟方法

焊接热影响区是影响焊接性能的主要区域。焊接热影响区的晶粒长大常常导致焊接热影响区成为性能薄弱的环节，对焊接热影响区晶粒长大的研究一直是焊接接头的重要研究课题。焊接热影响区微观结构演化与诸多因素密切相关，是一个复杂的过程。运用适当的计算机方法进行模拟，完成对晶粒生长的完全预测，具有重要的意义，可以为优化焊接工艺参数，提高焊接质量提供依据。在此对在模拟焊接热影响区微观结构的演化时采用的基本方法进行综述。     

热成形过程微观组织模拟研究进展

金属在热成形过程中微观组织发生诸如晶粒长大、再结晶等一系列的复杂变化,会直接影响加工过程与产品的力学性能。对近年计算机技术在热成形微观组织演变模拟方面的研究进展做了比较全面的评述,比较了相关的微观组织模拟方法,分析了利用各种模拟技术所取得的研究成果。     

Mn-Nb-Mo系X70级管线钢奥氏体再结晶规律的研究

研究了Mn-Nb-Mo系XT0级管线钢的再结晶规律，分析了变形温度、变形量等工艺参数对变形奥氏体再结晶百分数的影响，为现场控轧工艺的制定提供了理论依据。     

Destabilising persistent coal froth using silicone oil

Persistent froth is becoming more and more common in coal and mineral flotation plants and presents safety and operational challenges. No effective method has been developed to destabilise persistent froth. As a new initiative, this study examined the structural difference between persistent foam and coal froth, based on which a solution was developed to maximumly destabilise coal froth. Destabilisation test, oscillatory rheology measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the coal froth was more stable than the foam due to the formation of thin capillaries and tightly arranged coal particles on bubble surfaces. Although 107 µm silicone oil droplet could completely destabilise the foam at 2 mmol/L concentration, it only destabilised less than 50% coal froth even at 6 mmol/L concentration. To maximumly destabilise the coal froth formed by −38 and −20 µm particles, 24 and 18 µm silicone oil droplets were required to pass through the thin capillaries and enter the bubble films, respectively. However, smaller silicone oil droplets could not bridge the bubble films to destabilise coal froth and therefore a critical droplet size occurred depending on the size of particles stabilising the froth.     

Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography

The size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles is a technical problem, which until today can only be solved with great effort. Nevertheless, there is an important demand for nanoparticles with sharp size distributions, for example for medical technology or sensor technology. Using magnetic chromatography, we show a promising method for fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles with respect to their size and/or magnetic properties. This was achieved by passing magnetic nanoparticles through a packed bed of fine steel spheres with which they interact magnetically because single domain ferro-/ferrimagnetic nanoparticles show a spontaneous magnetization. Since the strength of this interaction is related to particle size, the principle is suitable for size fractionation. This concept was transferred into a continuous process in this work using a so-called simulated moving bed chromatography. Applying a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles within a size range from 20 to 120 nm, the process showed a separation sharpness of up to 0.52 with recovery rates of 100%. The continuous feed stream of magnetic nanoparticles could be fractionated with a space-time-yield of up to 5 mg/(L∙min). Due to the easy scalability of continuous chromatography, the process is a promising approach for the efficient fractionation of industrially relevant amounts of magnetic nanoparticles.     

Effects of surfactant and particle size on the microstructure and strength of Si3N4 foams with high porosity

The highly porous Si₃N₄ ceramic foams were prepared by direct foaming with mixed surfactants. The surface tension and viscosity of slurries were tailored by different carbon chain length of surfactants and different mean Si₃N₄ particle size to achieve the pore size controlling. The nearly linear relationship between the pore size and the ratio of surface tension to viscosity was observed, which indicates that the pore size could be precisely tailored by the slurry properties. Si₃N₄ ceramic foams with porosity of nearly 94%, mean pore size of 110–230 µm, and compressive strength of 1.24–3.51 MPa were obtained.     

H2O(g)对富氧燃烧超细颗粒物生成特性影响

为实现富氧燃烧技术的广泛推广,对煤粉燃烧在富氧气氛下的颗粒物排放特性进行了研究。在1800 K管式炉内进行煤焦燃烧试验,研究了富氧气氛下H₂O(g)体积分数(0、5%、10%、20%、30%)对煤焦燃烧超细颗粒物的影响;采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI+)获得超细颗粒物质量和数量浓度粒径分布并进行分析。结果表明,H₂O(g)对超细颗粒物质量浓度和数量浓度粒径分布无影响,但会导致超细颗粒物的峰值波动。超细颗粒物总数量由最小粒径超细颗粒物决定,5种水蒸气浓度下EL?PI+第1级撞击器收集到的超细颗粒物数量占比均超过65%。超细颗粒物总质量由最大粒径超细颗粒物决定,5个水蒸气浓度下ELPI+第7级撞击器收集到的超细颗粒物质量占比均超过94%。低H₂O(g)浓度会抑制超细颗粒物生成,H₂O(g)体积分数为5%时的抑制作用最显著;高H₂O(g)浓度会促进超细颗粒物生成。这是因为一方面H₂O(g)与煤焦发生气化反应,使煤焦颗粒周围产生还原性气氛,促进矿物质还原为单质,进一步促进矿物质蒸发;另一方面气化反应是吸热反应,会降低煤焦颗粒燃烧温度,同时H₂O(g)加入也导致烟气热容增加进一步降低,煤焦燃烧温度抑制煤中矿物质的蒸发,导致超细颗粒物生成减少,是2种作用相互竞争的结果。此外,H₂O(g)的加入使超细颗粒物平均粒径增大,0~5%H₂O(g)时超细颗粒物平均粒径增大最迅速。     

20CrMnTi连铸瞬态与平均冷速条件下凝固原位观察

 宽淬透性带和大尺寸TiN析出物严重危害20CrMnTi齿轮钢的产品质量,其控制的关键基础是掌握连铸过程中凝固组织演变行为机理。传统高温激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(HT-CSLM)原位观察研究通常将糊状区冷却速率设定为固定值,这不能有效反映连铸凝固过程中冷却速率的变化。为此,以国内某钢厂20CrMnTi 160 mm×160 mm小方坯为研究对象,首先通过二维切片凝固传热计算,确定内弧表面下方20、40、60 mm位置处糊状区的热历程、瞬态与平均冷却速率,进而设计HT-CSLM试验升温与降温方案。然后,开展这些位置处糊状区瞬态与平均冷却速率条件下HT-CSLM试验,研究揭示不同冷却条件下20CrMnTi的凝固过程、δ晶粒生长动力学和包晶相变机制。最后,通过电子探针分析(EPMA),考察冷却条件对凝固组织尺寸的影响规律。结果表明,由于凝固潜热的补偿,内弧皮下20、40、60 mm位置处初始凝固阶段冷却速率较小,凝固中后期逐渐增大,且越深入方坯内部越显著。这些位置处的平均冷却速率分别为102.81、44.63和34.93 ℃/min。δ晶粒率先从钢液中析出,其平均生长速率随着冷却速率的提升而增大。在瞬态冷却速率条件下,随着凝固的进行,瞬时生长速率呈增大的趋势,但是在平均冷却速率条件下瞬时生长速率则略微降低。这是因为在瞬态冷却速率条件下,糊状区冷却速率由慢至快,不断补偿了凝固潜热,同时初始形核数量少,生长空间大,溶质过冷度的影响相对较弱。当熔体温度降低至包晶相变临界温度时,δ晶粒快速转变为γ晶粒,即发生块状转变,导致固相率迅速增加,且伴随有部分γ晶粒快速聚合。整体上讲,包晶相变临界温度随着冷却速率的增大而降低,但是也受溶质初始含量的影响。此后,剩余液相向γ相转变,直至完全凝固。晶粒半径随着冷却速率的提升而减小,且在平均冷却速率条件下比瞬态冷却速率条件更小,这取决于初始凝固阶段的形核数量。