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排序方式: 共有197条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The differential scanning calorimeter heating curves of uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with three peaks were analyzed by using a newly proposed equation. The diffusion-controlled crystallization theory is suitable for describing cold crystallization of uniaxially oriented PET fibers. A crystallization model was proposed based on the kinetic parameters obtained. The model embraces the three sub-processes of crystallization corresponding to different growth geometries. The first sub-process corresponds to the nucleation of ordered molecular segments or the radial growth of preformed nucleus, resulting in the shorter bundle-like entities. The second sub-process corresponds to further growth of the bundle-like crystallites along chain direction, resulting in the longer bundle-like entities. The third sub-process corresponds to the three-dimensional growth of crystallites relating to the random segments, resulting in the spherical entities.  相似文献   
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Nd2O3 was synthesized by calcining Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O in air. The precursor and its calcined products were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that high-crystallized Nd2O3 with hexagonal structure was obtained when the precursor was calcined at 1223 K in air for 2 h. The crystallite size of Nd2O3 synthesized at 1223 K for 2 h was about 48 nm. The thermal decomposition of the precursor in air experienced three steps, which are first, the dehydration of 10 crystal water molecules; then, the decomposition of Nd2(C2O4)3 into Nd2O2CO3; and last, the decomposition of Nd2O2CO3 into hexagonal Nd2O3. Based on the KAS equation, the values of the activation energies associated with the thermal decomposition of Nd2(C2O4)3?10H2O were determined.  相似文献   
4.
对碳纳米管进行表面处理,利用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料,经过粉碎压片后,得到样品.通过SEM观察聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的断面结构.通过DSC研究聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的非等温结晶过程.结果表明,经表面修饰的碳纳米管能够均匀分散于聚丙烯基体中,二者界面结合紧密;加入微量的碳纳米管就可以明显地提高复合材料的结晶温度和结晶速率.  相似文献   
5.
In this paper, the microstructure evolution and processing–microstructure relationship in the non-isothermal local loading forming of TA15 titanium alloy were studied through an analog experiment. Some new microstructural mechanisms are found, which are different from those under isothermal local loading forming. In the non-isothermal local loading forming, the tri-modal microstructure consisted of equiaxed primary α, lamellar α and β transformed matrix is achieved. The lamellar α, not produced under isothermal condition, is generated by β → α transformation due to the decrease of component temperature. With the same processing parameters, the volume fraction and grain size of primary α are both greater than those processed isothermally. The content of lamellar α decreases with heating temperature decreasing and little lamellar α can be found when the heating temperature drops to 930 °C. Under small deformation degree, the lamellar α distributes randomly in each feature region. As deformation increases, the lamellar α in transitional region and second-loading region present a preferred orientation perpendicular to the compression direction. The primary α content almost decreases linearly with heating temperature, which is different from the regular that under isothermal condition. Non-isothermal local loading forming with a higher heating temperature (near-β region) offers a cost-efficient way for the manufacture of TA15 titanium alloy large-scale integral components.  相似文献   
6.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to measure moisture profiles during non-isothermal drying of fired-clay brick. Drying was induced by a temperature gradient resulting from one-sided heating. A saturated fired-clay brick sample which was closed and isolated on all sides except for the front surface was heated with a halogen lamp of variable intensity. By measuring the moisture profiles in time it was possible to identify two distinct drying stages. In the first drying stage homogeneous drying is observed. When the critical moisture content is reached a drying front enters the sample. The characteristic time t0 after which this drying front develops depends on the applied heat flux.The total amount of energy needed for evaporation of the moisture in the first drying stage is found to be independent of the heat flux from the lamp. As a result the total amount of moisture as a function of time can be scaled to one master curve using the time t0. The data from these measurements provided an interesting view on drying processes, not only under isothermal conditions but also under influence of a thermal gradient. By using the power input as a scaling parameter it is shown that both the total mass and the drying front positions as a function of time show the same behaviour in all experiments.  相似文献   
7.
The present analysis considers a three-dimensional non-isothermal model in a single phase of a PEM fuel cell with a flow field path in the shape of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 concentric spirals. The current density contours, the water content and the entropy generated in all zones of the fuel cell are predicted. The analysis of the three-dimensional model includes the gas flow channels in the six geometric shapes mentioned above, the current collectors, gas diffusion layers, catalyst layers on both sides of the model, anode and cathode, and a proton exchange membrane in between. The energy equation, mass conservation, and transport of species equations are solved, including source terms that take into account the electrochemical effects occurring inside the cell. Also, the entropy generation equation is added to the governing equations of the model. The results allow a comparison to help to decide which of the 6 analyzed configurations improve the performance of the fuel cell, increasing the current density produced, reducing the pressure drop and producing the most uniform current density. The entropy generation analysis reveals the effects that cause the most significant losses (irreversibilities) in the cell. The Bejan number and the Π number are used to compare the irreversibilities produced by the matter flow and by the heat transfer for each one of the six models.  相似文献   
8.
A one-dimensional non-isothermal model was employed in the simulation of partial oxidation of methane to syngas in a dense oxygen permeation membrane reactor. The model predicts that if methane is consumed completely in the reactor, a temperature runaway occurs. The reactor inlet temperature is chosen as a major factor to demonstrate the correlativity of the reactor performance and this phenomenon. A borderline inlet temperature (BIT) is defined. Simulation results showed that when the reactor inlet temperature approaches this value, an optimized reactor performance is achieved. This temperature increases with the increase of the air flow rate and carbon space velocity. The surface exchange kinetics at the oxygen-rich side has a small effect on this temperature, while that at the oxygen-lean side has a significant effect.  相似文献   
9.
Hao Wu  Peter Berg 《Electrochimica acta》2009,54(27):6913-6927
Water management is a critical issue in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and water transport through the membrane, catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer has significant impact on the cell performance and durability. In this study, the mechanism of water transport processes in PEM fuel cells has been analyzed through 3-D unsteady non-isothermal simulations, along with a comprehensive examination of various modeling approaches in literature. It is shown that the finite rates of sorption/desorption of water in membrane affect the cell current output and the cell response time. Water dissolved in the membrane should be taken as the proper mechanism of water formation in the cathode of practical PEM fuel cells. Capillary pressure and relative permeability have significant impact on the distribution of liquid water saturation and transport, implying a need for their determination under specific PEM fuel cell conditions.  相似文献   
10.
马俊  卓文彬  陈炳德 《核动力工程》2006,27(Z1):107-110
采用理论推导和实验研究相结合的方法对非等温条件下的节流件阻力特性进行了研究.实验参数范围为:流量1.5~33 kg/h,进口温度20~70℃,压力1.8~2.4 MPa.通过研究节数、喉部直径以及温度、压力、流量和外部热源等参数对节流件阻力特性的影响,获得了计算节流件阻力的经验关系式.研究结果表明:节数、喉部直径和流量、温度等参数对节流件阻力特性的影响较大.入口温度相同时,外界热量的流入对节流件阻力影响较大,节流件进出口温升越大,阻力越小.  相似文献   
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