Measurement of the tunnel rate in SIS' tunnel junctions as function of bias voltage

Cryogenic detectors with superconducting tunnel junctions can provide an energy resolution improved by at least one order of magnitude compared with standard semiconductor detectors. While the detection principle was already demonstrated many years ago, the past years were dedicated to the transition from the laboratory sample to practical detectors. Our most favored detector design gives rise to tunnel junctions with electrodes of unequal energy gaps. In such hetero tunnel junctions bias conditions can be established which cause a negative signal current. We report the experimental verification of this effect, and we discuss the yield of charge signal of cryogenic detectors based upon superconducting tunnel junctions.     

EBZ260H型掘进机在隧道施工中的应用

以某工程为具体实例,介绍了EBZ2260H掘进机的适用范围、技术参数和主要配置;从掘进机的截割方法、维护和保养、除尘装置的正确使用等多个方面,对EBZ260H掘进机暗挖工艺和技术进行了详细阐述;归纳总结了EBZ260H掘进机的各项优点.     

Base Pressure Measurements under a Scale Model Stockpile

The ability of a granular bulk material to transmit internal shear stress is a fundamental property that is often overlooked or underestimated, yet it is this ability that allows many observed physical phenomena to occur. One such area that continues to be a focus for numerical, theoreticals and experimental researchers is the pressure that a stockpile of granular material places on the supporting surface. While appearing to be a simple problem, the ability of granular materials to transmit shear stress makes this an extremely complex problem. This article presents high-quality data collected under a 2 m high stockpile and full details of the experimental facilities used in the collection of the data.

The work presented is of significant value, having a much greater scale than previous studies (Jotaki & Moriyama, 1979; Lee & Herington, 1971; Smid & Novosad, 1981), and the deliberate inclusion of a central reclaim channel offers insight into stress changes during gravity reclaim and refilling. The results of this work have shown that the so-called 'M' pressure does exist under larger stockpiles both with and without reclaim hoppers; of more significance is the reemergence of the M pressure upon refilling of an emptied stockpile. This clearly illustrates that the M pressure is a robust and natural pressure distribution for a conical stockpile.     

Stochastic aspects of bridge deck aeroelasticity under turbulent flow

Returning to an earlier frequency-domain analysis of the problem of long-span bridge response to ambient winds, the paper emphasizes the indispensable experimental information necessary to bring results into conformity with full-scale prototype action. Focus is placed upon the use of a sectional wind tunnel model under simulated turbulent flow as the prime source of this information, which consists principally of the flutter derivatives and the spectra of the wind forces, both obtained under turbulent flow. The effect of three-dimensional turbulence upon the flutter derivatives is observed to influence structural stability in a manner consistent with that observed in full-bridge wind tunnel models.     

遗传算法在隧洞开挖爆破参数优化中的应用

介绍了利用遗传算法优化隧洞开挖爆破参数的理论和方法。以及该算法在阿荣旗-深圳高速公路隧洞爆破开挖工程中的应用。实例表明,利用遗传算法来调整爆破参数和支护参数,可以有效地降低隧道爆破成本。     

隧洞开挖中爆破震动控制研究

四川瀑布沟水电站隧洞掘进生产性试验爆破过程中,通过爆破震动观测,全面了解与分析了各种爆破方法和施工部位的爆破震动形成机理、传播规律及响应特性.探讨开挖爆破对隧洞本身及相邻隧洞的震动影响,据此提出能够有效实施的洞室控制爆破方法.     

Numerical investigation of fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading

A rock failure process analysis model, RFPA2D code, a two-dimensional numerical code, were proposed. The code not only satisfied the global equilibrium, strain consistent and nonlinear constitutive relationship of rock and soil materials but also took into account the heterogeneous characteristics of rock materials at macroscopic and microscopically level. The failure behavior of tunnel could be simulated by this numerical model. The model could realistically simulate the fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading, strength limits, and post peak response for both tension and compression. As the proposed method was used to conduct the stability analysis of tunnel, the safety factor of tunnel was defined as the ratio of actual shear strength parameter to critical failure shear strength parameter. Not only the safety factor of tunnel with specific physics meaning can be obtained, but also the overall failure process and the location of failure surface may also be determined at the same time.     

地道通风在莫高窟游客服务中心空调系统中的应用

莫高窟地处甘肃省西北部的敦煌市,当地全年气候干燥,为自然除湿创造了有利的条件。介绍了莫高窟游客服务中心接待大厅地道通风的地道设计、运行工况、热舒适指标计算,计算结果表明,室内环境的热舒适状况能满足规范要求。     

无限周期光子晶体全反射隧穿效应的色散研究

利用色散法研究了TE波和TM波在大于全反射角入射一维无限周期光子晶体的全反射隧穿特性.结果发现了一维无限周期光子晶体中的全反射隧穿效应.得出了TE波和TM波的全反射隧穿导带随入射角的变化规律,TE波和TM波的全反射隧穿导带随周期光学厚度的变化规律.