The Bisphosphonate Clodronate Modifying Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics for Bone Scaffold

To investigate the efficiency of clodronate modifying HA bioceramics,and to evaluate the effect of clodronate modifying HA bioceramics on the cells in vitro,clodronate modified the porous HA bioceramics for bone scaffold by chelation .The outermost layer of the specimens was analyzd by XPS and FI-IR ,The depth profile was investigated by the argon-ion sputtering method.The cell culture test was conducted using MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells,The cells were inoculated and cultured on the scaffolds.Morphological observation of the cells,MTT test and ALP activity test evaluated the cell attachment ,proliferation and activity on the scaffolds.The cell culture test in cell quantity and morphology indicated active proliferation of the cells on the scaffolds.The ALP activity of the cells cultured for 3d and 7d on clodronate-HA bioceramics was slightly higher than that on HA bioceramics ,but the difference was not signifcant,This result indicated that clodronate-HA bioeramics had favorable cytocompatibility to be used as bone scaffold with potential ability to improve asteogensis.     

Biowaste-derived hydroxyapatite reinforced with polyvinyl pyrrolidone/aloevera composite for biomedical applications

The present investigation focuses on the synthesis of crabshell-derived hydroxyapatite (CS-HAP)/ water-soluble synthetic polymer—polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)/aloevera(AV)—a natural biopolymer, as a composite for enhanced mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties. The reinforcement of polymer has a significant function in increasing the mechanical property of the composite, whereas the incorporation of AV improves the antibacterial and biocompatibility. Phase composition, morphology, mechanical property, and hydrophilicity of CS-HAP/PVP/AV biocomposite with different concentrations of PVP and AV were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Vickers microhardness tests, contact angle, respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficiency of the composite is assessed using Escherichia coli (E coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus). The biocompatibility of HOS MG 63 cells on the CS-HAP/PVP/AV composite is evaluated by MTT assay test. The obtained results evidence that the as-synthesized composite have appropriate mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties. Overall, the combination of mechanical property of PVP, antibacterial and biocompatible property of AV in CS-HAP/PVP/AV, makes the composite a potential therapeutic material for various biomedical applications.     

Encapsulation of Hydroxyapatite Microspheres with Fluorapatite Using a Diffusion Process

Modification of hydroxyapatite surfaces can improve the properties of biomedical devices. The objective of this work was to encapsulate hydroxyapatite particles with a fluorapatite layer. A suspension of hydroxyapatite microspheres was prepared in a solution at different pH and treated with ammonium fluoride. pH, calcium, and fluoride were monitored in real time and particles subjected to fluoride analysis. After addition of fluoride, it was found that more material is released from the particle surface at low pH conditions, but leads to a high fluoride uptake from solution. Low solution fluoride levels produce a fluorapatite layer, but higher fluoride levels produce calcium fluoride.     

A critical review of bioceramics for magnetic hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia (HT) using biocompatible ceramics is a ground-breaking, competent, and safe thermo-therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The magnetic properties of bioceramics, along with their structure and synthesis parameters, are responsible for the controlled heating of malignant tumors and are the key to clinical success. After providing a brief overview of magnetism and its significance in biomedicine, this review deals with materials selection and synthesis methods of bioceramics/glasses used for HT. Relevant research carried out on promising bioceramics for magnetic HT, with a focus on their size, shape, surface functionalization, magnetic field parameters, and in vitro/in vivo properties to optimize cancer therapy, is also discussed. Recent progress in magnetic HT combined with chemotherapy and phototherapy is especially highlighted, with the aim to provide interdisciplinary knowledge to advance further the applications of bioceramics in this field.     

A novel strategy for fabricating zirconia implants with a trabecular biomimetic porous surface

For successful osseointegration of load-bearing implants, an improved bone–implant contact area through a trabecular porous surface resulting in minimized stress shielding effect is highly desirable. We propose a novel strategy of green net shaping a ceramic dough, combined with a reticular foam replica method and gradient coating, to fabricate biomimetic porosity in a customizable ceramic dental implant for the first time. About 85 vol% porosity and 300–600-μm pore size were evident in microCT and electron microscopy of the sintered samples, suitable for bone ingrowth. Excellent integrity at the interface along with homogeneous distribution of secondary alumina phase in zirconia matrix was achieved, despite the difference in the green state powder loading between the dough and the slurry.     

Calcined Hydroxyapatite with Collagen I Foam Promotes Human MSC Osteogenic Differentiation

Collagen I-based foams were modified with calcined or noncalcined hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphates with various particle sizes and pores to monitor their effect on cell interactions. The resulting scaffolds thus differed in grain size, changing from nanoscale to microscopic, and possessed diverse morphological characteristics and resorbability. The materials’ biological action was shown on human bone marrow MSCs. Scaffold morphology was identified by SEM. Using viability test, qPCR, and immunohistochemical staining, we evaluated the biological activity of all of the materials. This study revealed that the most suitable scaffold composition for osteogenesis induction is collagen I foam with calcined hydroxyapatite with a pore size of 360 ± 130 µm and mean particle size of 0.130 µm. The expression of osteogenic markers RunX2 and ColI mRNA was promoted, and a strong synthesis of extracellular protein osteocalcin was observed. ColI/calcined HAP scaffold showed significant osteogenic potential, and can be easily manipulated and tailored to the defect size, which gives it great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.     

Preparation of Porous Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and β-Ca3(PO4)2 Bioceramics

Submicrometer-sized, pure calcium hydroxyapatite (HA, (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂)) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, Ca₃(PO₄)₂) bioceramic powders, that have been synthesized via chemical precipitation techniques, were used in the preparation of aqueous slurries that contained methyl cellulose to manufacture porous (70%–95% porosity) HA or β-TCP ceramics. The pore sizes in HA bioceramics of this study were 200–400 μm, whereas those of β-TCP bioceramics were 100–300 μm. The pore morphology and total porosity of the HA and β-TCP samples were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, and computerized tomography.     

含锶羟基磷灰石的湿法合成与结构稳定性

含锶羟基磷灰石的骨缺损修复效果优于羟基磷灰石。采用湿法合成含锶羟基磷灰石和羟基磷灰石，分别在300℃，600℃，900℃热处理。用Rigaku D／max-3C型X射线衍射仪(XRD)，PE1760．X傅氏红外光谱仪(IR）和X射线散射能谱(EDX)分析粉样和片样的成分，用S-2700扫描电镜(SEM)观察形貌。结果表明：锶使羟基磷灰石的晶面间距变大，热稳定性变差，900℃热处理分解出β-Ca3(PO4)2和CaO2含锶羟基磷灰石的OH^-红外吸收峰弱于羟基磷灰石，但两者的Off和PO4^3-峰位置接近；含锶羟基磷灰石在模拟体液中的溶解．再结晶过程强于羟基磷灰石。     

用于大段骨缺损修复的TCP／HA基多孔生物陶瓷的研制

探索了ＴＣＰ／ＨＡ基多孔生物陶瓷的配料组成，确定了较优制备条件，并通过Ｘ－射线衍射分析及ＳＥＭ等揭示了材料的矿物组成及显微结构。制备出有望用于临床的多孔生物陶瓷材料     

Evaluation of the Cyclic Fatigue Life of 3-mol%-Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Bioceramic Using Biaxial Flexion

The cyclic fatigue life of zirconia bioceramic was determined under biaxial flexion using disk-shaped specimens. The fatigue life was not reduced by subjecting the material to a simulated physiological environment nor was it affected by testing at different loading frequencies. Tests performed at different stress ratios produced a large degree of scatter in the data but a statistical analysis proved that there was no significant effect on the fatigue life of the material. Failure of disk specimens was initiated either by flaws introduced during manufacturing or by the more typical inherent flaws commonly observed in ceramics. The former generally resulted in premature, low-stress failures on initial loading whereas the latter acted as initiating defects for fatigue cracks that then propagated to failure. The distributions of the two categories of flaw were analyzed using two- and three-parameter Weibull probability functions. It became clear that the Weibull modulus for the fatigue failures was consistent with previously reported work on other ceramics.