Electrochemical detection of catechol at integrated carbon nanotubes electrodes

The mechanical stability of the electrode plays a very important role in the long-term stability of electrochemical behavior. In this paper, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrodes were prepared in the holes of glass directly by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and the electrochemical behavior of catechol at the integrated MWCNT electrodes was investigated. The oxygen plasma treated CNTs had excellent electrochemical behavior for the analysis of catechol. The catechol was detected in the linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10^− 6 mol L^− 1–1.0 × 10^− 3 mol L^− 1. And because CNTs were integrated directly on the substrate, the stable response to catechol solution showed that the carbon nanotubes electrodes had long-term stability.     

Degradation on a mechanical property of high-modulus aramid fiber due to hyperthermal atomic oxygen beam exposures

High-modulus aramid fiber was exposed to energetic (5 eV) atomic oxygen, which simulates the space environment in low Earth orbit. It was found that Young’s modulus and tensile strength decreased significantly due to the atomic oxygen exposures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the decomposition of amid group occured at the exposed surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the diameter of the fiber was not influenced so much by the attack of atomic oxygen, but the exposed fiber became an extremely rough surface. The change in mechanical properties has been explained by the formation of surface texture that is characteristic to the high-energy atomic oxygen collisions.     

Study on early-age cracking of cement-based materials with superplasticizers

The addition of superplasticizers is an important approach to prepare high performance cement-based materials. The effect of polynaphthalene series superplasticizer (PNS) and polycarboxylate type superplasticizer (PC) on early-age cracking and volume stability of cement-based materials was investigated by means of multi-channel ellipse ring shrinkage cracking test, free shrinkage and strength test. The general effect of PNS and PC is to increase initial cracking time of mortars, and decrease cracking sensitivity of mortars. As for decreasing cracking sensitivity of mortars, PC > H-UNF (high-thickness-type PNS) > C-UNF (common-thickness-type PNS). To incorporate superplasticizers is apparently to increases free shrinkage of mortars when keeping the constant W/B ratio and the content of cement pastes. As for the effect of controlling volume stability of mortars, PC > C-UNF > H-UNF. Maximum crack width of mortars with PC is lower, but the development rate of maximum crack width of mortars with H-UNF is faster in comparison with control mortars. Flexural and compressive strength of mortars and concretes at 28 days increased with increasing superplasticizer dosages under drying conditions. C-UNF was approximate to H-UNF, but PC was superior to PNS in the aspect of increasing strength of cement-based materials.     

Molten salts/ceramic-foam matrix composites by melt infiltration method as energy storage material

A new type of high temperature energy storage material was obtained through the melt infiltration method, using compounding SiC ceramic foam as matrix and Na₂SO₄ as phase change material. The resulting composite material was measured by XRD, SEM, TG-DSC methods. The experimental results indicate that the composite is composed of silicon carbide, sodium sulfate and square quartz, and no chemical reactions occurs between Na₂SO₄ and SiC matrix. Na₂SO₄ has a good bonding with the SiC ceramic foam matrix. As the composite material is characterized by high thermal energy storage density and high thermal conductivity, it is suit for energy storage under high temperature. Funded by the “863” Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2008AA05Z418)     

交通运输业节能减排国际管理手段及启示

交通运输业的能源消费在许多国家中都占有较高比例,经济发展较快的国家更是如此。介绍了能源消费大国英国、美国、欧盟以及日本交通运输业节能减排采取的主要管理手段,包括健全的法律体系、节能技术创新、有效的税费政策等。借鉴其先进经验,为我国交通运输业节能减排管理工作提供启示。     

透过节能减排政策和制度看中国节能减排

随着世界人口的增长、现代工业的高速发展,不可再生资源遭到掠夺式开采、能源消耗几何级增长、环境污染程度大大超出了生态系统的承受能力。如何解决能源短缺与污染严重对经济和社会发展的影响已经成为世界性的难题,我国同样如此。因此,加强对节能减排体系的研究,对我国节能减排工作的开展具有非常重要的意义。对我国节能减排的政策和制度进行剖析,指出了我国节能减排政策、制度以及做法中存在的问题,并提出解决的方法。     

企业节能减排的监控系统研究

经济发展与节能减排是一个矛盾的统一体,如何在二者之间进行平衡,考验着中国人的智慧。通过行业分类选取恰当的节能减排指标、采用统计学的基本原理、应用质量控制的技术与方法,提出了节能减排的指标体系和监控方法,以期对节能减排实施动态监控,对我国现阶段的企业节能减排工作有着重要的参考价值。     

Multiconsensus of second order multiagent systems with directed topologies

A novel multiconsensus problem is introduced in multiagent systems. The states of multiple agents in each subnetwork asymptotically converge to a consistent value with information exchanges among subnetworks. The multiconsensus problem of second order multiagent systems with directed topologies is studied. Three linear protocols are proposed to solve the multiconsensus problem. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived based on matrix theory. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.