超疏水/疏油织物整理用氟代丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及表征

采用无皂乳液聚合法合成了氟代丙烯酸酯乳液,并用于织物的疏水、疏油整理.利用红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜等手段对材料结构及形貌进行表征,探讨了含氟单体和交联单体用量对材料性能的影响,考察了织物在整理前后的疏水、疏油特性以及白度、折皱回复角、透气性、断裂强力等性能的变化.结果表明:随含氟单体用量增加,整理后织物的疏水、疏油性能提高;增加交联单体用量则有利于提高织物的耐洗性能.当含氟单体用量为10%、交联单体用量为0.6%时,整理后的织物拒水性为100分,对水的静态接触角为160°,拒油性达到7级,经10次水洗后织物仍能保持较高的疏水、疏油性能,而且整理后织物基本保持了原有的特性,只是透气性能和白度略微下降,折皱回复角和撕裂强度有所上升.     

Facile fabrication of super-hydrophobic nano-needle arrays via breath figures method

ABSTRACT: Super-hydrophobic surfaces which have been fabricated by various methods such as photolithography, chemical treatment, self-assembly, and imprinting have gained enormous attention in recent years. Especially 2D arrays of nano-needles have been shown to have super-hydrophobicity due to their sharp surface roughness. These arrays can be easily generated by removing the top portion of the honeycomb films prepared by the breath figures method. The hydrophilic block of an amphiphilic polymer helps in the fabrication of the nano-needle arrays through the production of well-ordered honeycomb films and good adhesion of the film to a substrate. Anisotropic patterns with water wettability difference can be useful for patterning cells and other materials using their selective growth on the hydrophilic part of the pattern. However, there has not been a simple way to generate patterns with highly different wettability. Mechanical stamping of the nano-needle array with a polyurethane stamp might be the simplest way to fabricate patterns with wettability difference. In this study, super-hydrophobic nano-needle arrays were simply fabricated by removing the top portion of the honeycomb films. The maximum water contact angle obtained with the nano-needle array was 150°. By controlling the pore size and the density of the honeycomb films, the height, width, and density of nano-needle arrays were determined. Anisotropic patterns with different wettability were fabricated by simply pressing the nano-needle array at ambient temperature with polyurethane stamps which were flexible but tough. Mechanical stamping of nano-needle arrays with micron patterns produced hierarchical super-hydrophobic structures.PACS: 05.70.Np, 68.55.am, 68.55.jm.     

超疏水膜的研究进展

近年来,由于超疏水膜表面在自清洁、微流体系统和特殊分离等方面的潜在应用,超疏水性膜的研究引起了极大的关注.本文着重讨论了超疏水膜的化学组成及物理结构、制备方法,并对超疏水膜的发展方向进行了展望.     

静电纺制备超疏水表面纤维膜的研究进展

简介经典的固体表面润湿性理论,阐明了实现超疏水性的两个必要条件：低表面能表面和微一纳米复合结构。综述了当前国内外静电纺丝制备超疏水纤维膜的最新研究进展及其应用前景。     

The fabrication of microstructure surface of super-hydrophobic coating by surface gelation technology

The microstructured surface of materials were fabricated by a two-step acid-base catalyzed sol-gel process. In fluorinated polymer with PTFE doping, the well-proportioned composite sols were prepared using sol-gel processing under the hydrochloric acid and deficiency of water conditions. After the substrate was coated by composite sols, and the gelation treatment on the surface of composite coating, the micrometer-scale and nanometer-scale hierarchical structures were formed in surface layer of material. XPS and TEM technologies were employed to identify that the gelation occurs just on the surface of composite coating. The morphology of coating surface was observed by SEM and AFM technologies. The microstructured surface of material can be fabricated using this inexpensive and easily controlled method on low surface energy resin materials, the super-hydrophobic coatings materials can be prepared.     

压裂用VFM超疏水高分子覆膜砂的制备及其性能研究

通过高分子膜自组装技术制备了VFM超疏水界面砂,研究了VFM高分子膜的表面形态和疏水结构,以及覆膜材料对压裂砂破碎率和单颗粒抗压强度的影响。通过水、煤油、江汉油田S106-1、S106-3、SG106井的原油和返排水在疏水砂柱中和空白砂柱中的渗透率对比试验,可知油井排水在疏水砂柱中的渗透率比原油的渗透率小得多。通过水油阻力比值(NFRR)评价实验研究了VFM超疏水界面砂的油相渗透性和控水性能。室温20℃、围压2 MPa VFM超疏水界面砂的NFRR值可达到5.37。支撑剂的短期导流能力受闭合压力和材料本身的影响最明显。VFM支撑剂导流能力最大,在室温20℃、围压50 MPa导流能力可达120 mm2·cm。     

Robust super-hydrophobic ceramic coating on alumina with water and dirt repelling properties

Artificial super-hydrophobic surfaces are required for various applications. The super-hydrophobic surfaces are usually made by applying a low surface-energy organic coating on a highly textured substrate. A major problem with the as-created surfaces is their poor durability. This problem is even severer for the surfaces created by applying the organic coating on inorganic substrates. The present study reports for the first time the all-inorganic super-hydrophobic surface created by modifying the inorganic substrates with polymer-derived inorganic coating. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film was applied to an alumina substrate having flower-like hierarchal micro-nano surface texture, and then subjected to pyrolysis at 400°C in a nonoxidizing atmosphere. As a result, a Si_xC_yO_z ceramic coating with low-surface energy methyl groups was formed on the alumina substrate. The as-modified alumina exhibited super-hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 170° and a sliding angle of 5°. The super-hydrophobicity was well retained after abrasion with sandpaper and exposure to boiling water and acidic solution. The super-hydrophobic alumina demonstrated desired water repelling and self-cleaning function. The method explored in this study could also be used for super-hydrophobic surface modification of other inorganic materials such as glass and metals.     

自相似双层结构自修复超疏水涂层的制备及性能

目的 研究自修复超疏水复合涂层的制备工艺及自修复性能.方法 将环氧树脂、中性硅酮胶和疏水纳米SiO2混合制得涂料底层,纳米SiO2与无水乙醇混合得到涂料面层,采用两步浸涂法在载玻片表面制备出具有自修复功能的自相似双层超疏水涂层.利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角测量仪,对复合涂层的微观形貌、分子结构和润湿...     

280 简易快速的表面超疏水涂层制备及其性能

目的 低成本简易快速地制备出耐腐蚀超疏水涂层,并研究表面喷砂对超疏水涂层的影响。方法 利用喷砂和抛光这2种表面处理方式和喷涂工艺在5050铝合金板基体表面构建出具有多级结构的超疏水表面。通过润湿性、电化学腐蚀、耐磨性、浸泡耐久性和自清洁测试等试验,分别评价制备样品表面的润湿性、耐海水腐蚀、耐磨性、耐长时间浸泡性能和自清洁性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对表面形貌和元素成分进行分析。结果 制备的样品表面具有优异的超疏水性能。在30次喷涂次数下,喷砂基底的涂层表面的水滴静态接触角为(153.9±1)°,动态滚动角为(2.99±0.5)°。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明,喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2涂层可以有效增强铝合金表面的耐腐蚀性能。试验中,样品在25次砂纸摩擦后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(97±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(102.4±1)°。样品在NaCl溶液浸泡10 d后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(69.4±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(113.7±1)°。结论 所制备的喷砂和抛光基体在经过不同次数的喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2复合涂料后具备超疏水性能,且喷砂基底的涂层表面具有更低的滚动角。涂层修饰的表面在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能随着喷涂次数的提升而增强。在相同的喷涂条件下,喷砂处理基体能提高超疏水表面的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和耐久性。     

纳米晶复合涂层应用于火星玻璃盖片防尘的探索

目的制备超微结构的纳米晶复合涂层,降低火星环境中灰尘颗粒在玻璃表面的粘附,并通过翻转操作,最大限度地清除沉积的灰尘,恢复太阳能电池的发电能力。方法采用水热法和表面修饰,制备了纳米晶复合防尘涂层。通过电子显微镜、分光光度计、接触角仪和翻转除尘试验分别对涂层的微观结构、可见-近红外光透过率、表面性质和除尘效率进行了分析。结果由直径大约为27nm的ZnO纳米棒构成的独特涂层结构,使灰尘颗粒与涂层表面的接触面积相比于普通玻璃减小了一个数量级,可见光区的透过率提高了1.1%,近红外区透过率提高了0.4%。用氟化物进行表面修饰后,涂层的水接触角由25°～45°升高至155°～165°。经90°缓慢翻转,纳米晶复合涂层对50～100μm和30～50μm灰尘颗粒的清除效率分别为80%～90%和60%～70%;而在相同测试条件下,普通玻璃的防尘效率仅为37.5%和6.3%。由翻转后涂层表面灰尘的分布情况和倾斜表面上单颗粒的受力分析发现,灰尘颗粒的脱落存在滑落和滚落两种模式,高位落下的颗粒将部分动能传递给低位静止的颗粒,促使更多静止颗粒的滑落或滚落,形成\"雪崩\"状的特殊形貌。结论 ZnO纳米晶复合涂层不仅可以提高可见光和近红外光的透过率,还可以极大地减小与灰尘颗粒的接触面积,降低颗粒的粘附力,在不使用高压电能的情况下,经过翻转操作,清除效率可达80%以上,这将为火星上灰尘的清除提供一种安全的方式。