地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

Predictive association of metal–organic systems in the solid-state: the molecular electrostatic potential based approach

Designing crystalline solids with improved properties or performances remains a challenging task, despite great strides that have been made within the field of crystal engineering since its birth several decades ago. Herein, we are bringing examples that illustrate recent successes in taking supramolecular synthetic guidelines from the organic crystal engineering and adjusting those to metal-containing systems, particularly to the lower-dimensional ones. The versatility of calculated molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) as a new crystal engineering tool is demonstrated.     

γ-radiation effects on metal oxide particles and their wetted surfaces

ABSTRACT

Typical metal oxide corrosion products of structural materials have been irradiated with γ-rays in ultra-pure water to investigate the effect of radiation on the surface oxide and the nature of adsorbed water. Analysis techniques including thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after γ-irradiation were employed to investigate surface structural effects and adsorbed water behaviour. The production of H₂ in the oxide nanoparticle mixtures was investigated by gas chromatography to probe the mechanism of radiolysis in the water/oxide mixtures and the relationship with surface water. The nature of water at the surface of the oxides was affected by γ-radiation and the relationship was dependent on the particle composition. The rate of H₂ production was shown to be oxide dependent, and higher rates of H₂ formation were attributed to the decomposition of surface adsorbed water. Changes to the surface chemistry and H₂ production rates were found to be highly dependent on the surface chemistry of the metal oxide nanoparticle and no bulk structural changes were observed.     

两一般位置二次曲面交线最佳求解方法的研究

求作两一般位置二次曲面交线问题是画法几何学中的难点问题之一。虽然在高等画法几何中 ,介绍了许多种求作相贯线的方法 ,但都普遍存在着求解的局限性和复杂性问题 ,尤其是对两一般位置两曲面立体的相贯。这里探讨了一种利用辅助迹线面求相贯线上点的最佳作图方法。     

用计算机对地质结构面进行统计的算法

本文根据 Schmidt 网的一般制作原理,设计了一套既能在 Schmidt 网上统计出地质结构面的极点数,又能绘制出极点密度等值线图的算法和计算机程序。利用这套程序制作图件,不仅可成倍提高工效而且可以提高制图精度。由于该套程序是用 BASIC 语言编写,故操作使用方便,而且易于移植到 PC—1500或 PB—700这类微型计算机上去。     

Interaction of Bacillus polymyxa with some oxide minerals with reference to mineral beneficiation and environmental control

Interaction of Bacillus polymyxa with calcite, hematite, corundum and quartz resulted in significant surface chemical changes not only of the cells but also in the minerals. Both the cell surfaces as well as quartz particles were rendered more hydrophobic after mutual interaction, whilst the rest of the minerals exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity after interaction with the bacteria. The bacteria were also observed to be capable of dissolving calcite, hematite and corundum and biosorbing the dissolved metal ions to varying extents. An excess of polysaccharides could be observed on biotreated calcite, hematite and corundum while the predominance of a protein-based metabolic product was evident on quartz surfaces. The utility of bioprocessing in the beneficiation of the above minerals through bioflotation and bioflocculation is demonstrated.     

岩石应变软化弹塑性有限元分析

本文从岩石的变形特性和界面约束理论出发,建立了应变软化规律及其有限元本构方程。这种方程的求解存在着解法难与收敛慢和漂移界面的两个问题:其一,分析各种解法,采用初应力法,并进行改进(称改进的初应力法)以加速其收敛;其二,考查比较了各种漂移界面的修正法,选取了一种较佳的方法。于是,编制了一个相应的EPSF程序。最后对金川某巷道进行软化有限元分析。     

沥青路面摊铺不平整的机械性原因分析及对策

分析了机械造成沥青路面摊铺不平整的原因，探讨了处理措施。