浅析艾德瓦尔多·苏托·德·莫拉的克拉斯特大街住宅

艾德瓦尔多·苏托·德·莫拉从现实出发,创造出基于葡萄牙乡村语境的理性形式,该文选取其建筑作品中的一个典型实例进行分析,从场地与建筑,功能与空间,形式与建构三个方面的关系来讨论他设计中的理性思维过程以及简洁形式背后蕴含的复杂性。     

Where to for Brazil's Cities? Citizen Empowerment or Global Marketing?

An awakening interest in public space in Brazilian cities is emphasising the value of existing civic areas. Guilherme Wisnik , a critic, curator and professor at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo, looks at the history and potential future of Brazil's urban spaces. He highlights how despite the introduction of innovative Modernist design in the mid-20th century, which forged ‘a new relationship between architecture, urbanism and landscape design’, more recently the country's cities have been subject to the vicissitudes of market and political forces.     

Architectural Patents and Open-Source Architectures: The Globalisation of Spatial Design Innovations (or Learning from ‘E99’)

Patents are the strongest form of intellectual property rights available internationally, so far unbeaten by open source as a body of innovation and know-how. Mark Garcia , senior lecturer in the Department of Architecture & Landscape at the University of Greenwich, London, here considers the pros and cons of the patent system for architects in the digital age: from issues over patent categorisation by type, to possibilities of micro-royalties through the capacity of design software to track every stage of input from multiple contributors.     

波尔图学派传承与发展的脉络研究——从塔沃拉到德莫拉

葡萄牙建筑师艾德瓦尔多.苏托.德莫拉获得了2011年普里兹克建筑奖,其老师阿尔瓦罗·西扎则于1992年获此奖项,而西扎本人亦受波尔图学派引领者费尔南多·塔沃拉影响,这三人反映了波尔图学派的各个发展时期。该文从葡萄牙的传统建筑历史和20世纪葡萄牙现代建筑思潮的演变出发,通过分析波尔图学派主要引领者塔沃拉的早期本土化探索和继承者西扎、德莫拉延续影响而又发展的建筑思想及其内在价值取向,指出其中传承与发展的脉络。     

PREVI-Lima’s Time: Positioning Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda in Peru’s Modern Project

Launched in 1968, the PREVI-Lima housing competition brought informal urbanisation to the attention of architects worldwide. The competition brief required the design of low-rise, high-density expandable homes, grouped in neighbourhoods. Here Sharif S Kahatt puts PREVI’s experimental project within the social, political and theoretical context of the time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Woven Surface and Form

The Advanced Geometry Unit (AGU) at Arup, founded by Cecil Balmond and Charles Walker, has become synonymous with a highly mathematical, topological approach to architecture. It has, however, collaborated on some of the most exciting experimental fabric structures of recent years, including Anish Kapoor's Marsyas at Tate Modern and Rem Koolhaas's Cosmic Egg at the Serpentine Gallery. Here, the unit's Tristan Simmonds, Martin Self and Daniel Bosia describe how the AGU has progressed research into textile techniques that encompass tailored biomorphic forms alongside knot diagrams. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural analysis of Eduardo Torroja’s Frontón de Recoletos’ roof

Eduardo Torroja’s thin concrete shells stand among the best examples of structural engineering work of the 20th century. At a time when computers did not exist, Torroja’s imagination and creativity were not constrained by the limits of the analytical methods available for structural design, and he was able to design and build economically innovative structures of the highest aesthetic quality. One of his major creations was the roof of the Frontón Recoletos, a unique two lobe thin shell that was destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. This paper reviews briefly the history of the Frontón, shows the results of a structural analysis of its roof by several Finite Element (FE) models of different complexity and precision, and compares FE results to those obtained by Torroja. FE results confirm the validity of Torroja’s conceptual design, although he seems to have underestimated the internal forces and stresses in the roof. In addition, the paper analyses in detail the influence on the behaviour of the roof from its support conditions and from the stiffening ribs that Torroja designed but that never were built. As a result, the paper enables a better understanding of one of the masterpieces of Structural Art, and of simplified and complex shell analysis models, which is useful for the education of engineers as well as for future designs.     

Failing the Informal City: How Rio de Janeiro's Mega Sporting Events Derailed the Legacy of Favela-Bairro

The eviction of thousands of inhabitants from informal settlements has been a regressive feature in the lead up to Rio 2016. Writer and curator Justin McGuirk describes why, on the eve of the Olympic Games, the government reverted to favela removals after the enlightened era of the Favela-Bairro in the 1990s, which saw informal communities upgraded and integrated into the formal city.