上海南京大戏院建筑研究

20世纪20—30年代,上海戏剧业和电影业非常兴盛,同时在这一时期,上海的各种建筑流派异彩纷呈,建筑技术亦突飞猛进。也就是在这一背景下,上海新建了一批较高水平的近代化剧院。其中,南京大戏院就是这些剧院中的典型代表,具有独特的历史价值和艺术价值。该戏院现保存完好,1989年被列为上海市文物保护单位。该文在现场调查和文献收集的基础上,分析了南京大戏院的建设背景、选址规划、平面设计、立面设计、剖面设计、建筑风格、细部设计等,对于研究中国近代剧院建筑的发展有着一定的历史意义和学术价值。     

大观园的造园艺术解读

红楼梦中的大观园在中国古典园林建筑史上占有重要的地位。文章从布局结构和诗化意境两方面分析了大观园的美学价值,论证了大观园这座虚拟“园”的现实意义和实际价值。     

寓画于园，以画探园：《红楼梦》大观园园林空间的画意营造 #

曹雪芹对大观园的空间营造与当时寓画于园的宗旨息息相关,以山水画的空间法则解析大观园园林空间营造意匠,可以拓宽中国传统园林空间的画意内涵。大观园园林空间在动态游观法则下,从整体与局部、空间序列、景观集群三个方面推进了园林空间形态的完善;在气韵生动法则下,从风声、水声、动物声三种声景营造加强了园林空间结构的音韵流通;在象征隐喻法则下,从植物象征与文学象征引发了园林空间氛围的意境呈现。大观园园林空间的画意营造,既继承了传统文化的经典内核,又有园林空间形态、结构与氛围方面的创新和拓展,体现了诗意栖居的和谐境界。     

基于功能语境视角下的非物质文化遗产外宣归化异化翻译——以扬州大运河外宣翻译为例

非物质文化遗产的外宣翻译和国家当前提出的"文化走出去战略"不谋而合。归化异化翻译理论更适合于翻译中文化因素的处理已得到了翻译界的认可。文章以扬州大运河非物质文化遗产外宣翻译为研究对象,针对非遗外宣翻译的目的及特点,以功能语境理论为指导方针,以归化异化翻译为手段,来探讨非物质文化遗产的外宣翻译。     

Molecular simulation for adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbon in zeolites

Equilibrium and isosteric heat of adsorption for the system of chloroform and USY-type zeolite were studied. The USY-type zeolite (PQ Co., SiO₂/Al₂O₃=70) was used both as a pure crystalline powder and as granulated particles with binder. Chloroform was reagent grade. The adsorption equilibria were measured using a gravimetric method and were expressed as isotherms. A chromatographic method (i.e. pulse response of chloroform through the USY column with helium carrier) was used to get the initial slope of the isotherms. In the simulation, the GCMC method was used to calculate amounts adsorbed for various conditions. FF parameters were confidently applied. And modified structure model was effective for simulation. This paper was presented at The 5th International Symposium on Separation Technology-Korea and Japan held at Seoul between August 19 and 21, 1999.     

Water vapor/propylene sorption and diffusion behavior in PVA-P(AA-AMPS) blend membranes by GCMC and MD simulation

Detailed atomistic structures of blend membranes (poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid) (P(AA-AMPS)) were constructed to investigate the sorption and diffusion behavior of gas molecules (water and propylene) in the membranes. Interaction and miscibility between PVA and P(AA-AMPS) were calculated, and it was found that strong intermolecular interaction resulted in good miscibility of PVA and P(AA-AMPS) in the blend. The polymer chains mobility and free volume properties of the blend membranes were characterized. The sorption quantities and sorption sites of water and propylene in the blend membranes were calculated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. The diffusion coefficients of water in the blend membranes were calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The simulated results of the membrane structure (chain mobility, free volume properties), the sorption quantities and diffusion coefficients of water/propylene in the blend membranes showed the identical changing trends as the experimental results. Hopefully, this study could offer qualitative insight into the mass transport phenomena within the blend membranes.     

First documentation of spawning by deepwater sculpins in the Great Lakes and potential impacts of round gobies

Deepwater sculpins Myoxocephalus thompsonii, formerly fourhorn sculpin M. quadricornis (marine form), inhabit all five Great Lakes. Deepwater sculpin is prey for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and feeds on benthos. Populations have been declining with possible reasons being oligotrophication, quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), predation, and impacts of round goby Neogobius melanostomus competition or predation on eggs. Deepwater sculpins are thought to spawn during winter based on gravid females and appearance of larval fish in spring, but a male guarding a nest has not been documented. We used remotely operated vehicle technology during December 2015, March 2017, and March 2021 in 70–191 m in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan to identify the distribution of deepwater sculpins, round gobies, and nests with a guarding male. Round gobies were much more abundant (observations/hr = 139) in water < 125 m than were deepwater sculpins (11/hr), while in water > 166 m, deepwater sculpins were much more common (39/hr) than at shallow sites. At deep sites, round gobies were more abundant (51/hr) than deepwater sculpins (39/hr). On 16 March 2021 in 190 m of 1.9 C surface water we discovered several presumptive, unoccupied nests, but one nest in a depression next to a branch contained a deepwater sculpin and a clump of eggs. This is first evidence of where and how deepwater sculpins spawn. We also documented round gobies in the same area with one within 2 m of the nest, creating the possibility for consumption of eggs potentially affecting their long-term survival.     

USING OTOLITH CHEMISTRY TAGS AND GROWTH PATTERNS TO DISTINGUISH MOVEMENTS AND PROVENANCE OF NATIVE FISH IN THE GRAND CANYON

Fish otolith and water chemistry were assessed in the Grand Canyon reach of the Colorado River and its tributaries. Aqueous strontium and selenium (in ratio to calcium) and carbon stable isotopic ratios were identified as markers with excellent potential to track the provenance and movements of the endangered humpback chub Gila cypha. Although otolith δ¹³C and Sr/Ca varied proportionately to water chemistry and provided a framework for detailed study of humpback chub movements, otolith Se/Ca showed ambiguous tracking of known water chemistries. As an application, we document the natal source and movement dynamics of n = 10 humpback chub and compare these findings from otolith microchemistry with the current paradigm of humpback chub spawning ecology. We found that seven of ten fish follow the current early life history paradigm and were spawned in the Little Colorado River and subsequently emigrated to the main stem Colorado River as juveniles. However, the otolith markers of three fish suggest an alternative early life trajectory with unknown provenance. Age and growth analyses demonstrate seasonally higher growth rates in the warmer Little Colorado River compared with the Colorado River. Combining natural markers with age and growth reconstructions provides a powerful tool for assessing the habitat use and success of humpback chub in the Grand Canyon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of Stable Isotopes to Trace Municipal Wastewater Effluents into Food Webs within a Highly Developed River System

Many anthropogenic inputs, such as municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs), affect stable isotope signatures (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) at the base of exposed food webs creating spatial patterns reflecting their incorporation into aquatic food webs. The Grand River in southern Ontario, Canada, is a heavily modified, rapidly urbanizing river that assimilates wastewater from 30 municipal wastewater treatment plants. Stable isotope analysis was applied to resident aquatic invertebrates and fish influenced by three different wastewater outfalls in early, middle, and late summer to determine how values shifted seasonally and with differing effluent quality. There was a slight increase in δ¹³C in both invertebrates and fish in late summer downstream from the three outfalls, but it is difficult to separate effects of the effluents from downstream gradients. Downstream of two of the three outfalls, the δ¹⁵N tended to increase relative to upstream, while the remaining effluent, of the poorest quality, decreased δ¹⁵N values of both invertebrates and fish. Spatial trends in stable isotopes became more pronounced as the summer progressed with the greatest between‐site differences occurring in late summer. This study reflects the complex nutrient dynamics associated with MWWE inputs to rivers and contributes to our understanding and application of stable isotope analysis in impacted lotic ecosystems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.