The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

A hybrid homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for process monitoring: Discussion

The sensitivity of a monitoring scheme depends on many factors including the variance of the charting statistic which is very important in the computation of the control limits. This paper discusses the computation of the variance of the recently proposed hybrid homogeneously weighted moving average (HHWMA) $\overline{X}$ scheme which was based on an incorrect assumption. The correct variance is used to evaluate the run-length characteristics of the HHWMA $\overline{X}$ scheme. It is observed that the incorrect variance has a significant impact on the sensitivity (or performance) of the HHWMA $\overline{X}$ scheme.     

综放开采最大导水裂隙带高度的应力法预测

在重点模拟大采高条件下覆岩低抗拉特性的基础上，建立了“大采高ＦＥＭ－ＮＴＡ耦合模型”．选择了合适的屈服准则、流动法则及应力应变本构关系，综合优选输入参数，于淮南矿务局新集矿实施了该“耦合模型”．预测裂采比为１０．６０～１０．８５倍．经钻探验证，取得了较为理想的预测精度．     

对依兰煤田钻孔缩径挤夹钻具事故的认识

针对依兰煤田钻探施工中出现的钻孔缩径挤夹钻具事故,提出产生事故的根本原因不是因岩层本身膨胀所致,而是由于某种岩层裂隙发育,渗透性良好,吸水性强,使钻孔孔壁泥皮迅速增厚所致,并提出预防事故的具体措施。     

THE DISTANCE BETWEEN BOREHOLES OF SMOOTH BLASTING BY WATER COUPLING

The stress strength factor, length and opening degree of cracks around boreholes as well as movement regularity of blockage with the smooth blasting by water coupling are calculated out according to the theories of fracture mechanics and explosion dynamics, and the relation between the pressure in holes and the change of hole volume is pointed out, thereby the distance between boreholes is worked out in this paper. For limestone, when uncoupling coefficient is 3,diameter of holes is 100 mm, the hole distance of water coupling smooth blasting is 2.3 m. The result is consistent with practice.     

推广使用煤层气(瓦斯)发电项目的建议

目前,在大力促进循环经济发展的新理念下,煤层气(瓦斯)作为一种能源,在开发和利用上的优势已经突显出来,作者根据实际的工作经验,论述了开发利用煤层气(瓦斯)的必要性,并提出了四条基本建设。     

密地选矿厂磨矿装补球制度研究

为了解决攀钢集团密地选矿厂破碎流程改造后给矿粒度减小而磨机处理量提高不大的问题,通过试验研究找出新给矿粒度下磨机合理的装补球制度,改进了磨矿工艺条件,使磨机处理量提高了12%左右,磨机利用系数提高了13.04%,回收率提高了1.21%～1.52%,较好地解决了选矿厂的生产问题。     

浅析大煤仓施工中支护方式的选择

本文阐述了在大煤仓施工中,采用合理的支护方式,对安全生产,降低劳动强度,以及经济效益影响及推动作用,通过分析说明"锚网索喷"支护工艺的可行性和优越性。     

宜昌三峡机场灯光带滑坡特征及治理

三峡机场灯光带滑坡，属典型的人工加载“后推式”碎石土滑坡类型。该滑坡治理前，稳定系数仅１．０７，处于极限平衡状态，不仅严重阻碍机场灯光带导航系统的建设，且危及相距仅２００ｍ的汉宜高等级公路。该滑坡通过工程治理，达到了预期目的，收到了良好的社会和经济效益。