The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

Bayesian Nonparametric Joint Mixture Model for Clustering Spatially Correlated Time Series

Abstract

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric joint mixture model for clustering spatially correlated time series based on both spatial and temporal similarities. In the temporal perspective, the pattern of a time series is flexibly modeled as a mixture of Gaussian processes, with a Dirichlet process (DP) prior over mixture components. In the spatial perspective, the spatial location is incorporated as a feature for clustering, like a time series being incorporated as a feature. Namely, we model the spatial distribution of each cluster as a DP Gaussian mixture density. For the proposed model, the number of clusters does not need to be specified in advance, but rather is automatically determined during the clustering procedure. Moreover, the spatial distribution of each cluster can be flexibly modeled with multiple modes, without determining the number of modes or specifying spatial neighborhood structures in advance. Variational inference is employed for the efficient posterior computation of the proposed model. We validate the proposed model using simulated and real-data examples. Supplementary materials for the article are available online.     

基于物联网的智能化窨井管理系统的设计

通信管道承载着户外传输网络,是通信网络的生命管道。管道规模伴随着城市化进程快速成倍增长,但管道管理还处于传统的依赖人工专项梳理、专项盯防的模式。随着智慧城市建设的加速推进,采用“物理加锁+物联网管理平台”的创新管理方式,结合物联网技术和大数据技术,实现对流程、人员、设备的全方位管理。     

煤体结构类型判断的超声波探测系统研究

实践证明煤体结构和煤与瓦斯突出灾害之间存在着密切的联系。但是在可以实现快速、准确判断煤体结构类型的设备开发方面仍然存在不足。介绍了一种基于超声波方法的煤体结构类型检测系统。该系统根据超声波在固体介质中的传播性质，通过对超声波速的测量，实现对煤体结构类型的判断。     

利用ArcObjects实现DWG挂接MDB属性数据转入Geodatabase的方法

以某工程为例,介绍一种利用ArcObjects实现DWG挂接MDB属性数据直接转入Geodatabase的方法。     

基于无线网络的RMDC系统设计

"精细管理"是开滦(集团)有限责任公司正在推进的一项企业管理建设项目,对于今后企业的发展具有举足轻重的作用。从软件开发角度出发,探讨了如何在企业网络环境下,实现"精细管理"的考核系统设计。     

一种新型煤矿安全监测系统

介绍一种新型煤矿安全监测系统。该系统包括各种参数的信号采集、传输和计算机网络等,具有工作状况监测、历史记录数据查询和趋势计算机分析等功能,有很高的推广价值。     

Ultraviolet light inactivation of protozoa in drinking water: a Bayesian meta-analysis

To assess the dose of UV light needed to achieve specified levels of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts inactivation in drinking water, a Bayesian meta-analysis is used to analyze experimental data from several studies. Of the 20 studies identified by an extensive data collection effort, 14 (five reported experiments on Giardia and nine on Cryptosporidium) were selected for analysis based on a set of criteria. A substantial amount of the log inactivation data are reported as greater than a given inactivation level (i.e., censored data). The Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach used in this study not only properly addresses the common concerns in a meta-analysis but also provides a robust method for incorporating censored data. Different statistical models will result in different estimates of the UV doses needed to achieve a specific inactivation level. The Bayesian approach allows us to present the uncertainty in terms of risk, which is better suited for supporting US EPA in developing regulations.     

数据机房热环境影响因素研究

对某数据机房进行测量,以实测数据作为模拟的边界条件,采用开箱模型对机房热环境进行数值模拟,将模拟值与实测值进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上,分别对不同架空地板高度,送风孔板孔隙率,冷通道宽度以及不同挡板间距和高度等工况进行模拟,分析了各种因素对数据机房热环境的影响,得到了各个参数的最佳值,为数据机房的安全运行与节能优化提供指导。     

Continuous monitoring of short term dissolved oxygen and algal dynamics

Dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal bays with frequent algal blooms can undergo significant diurnal changes. Short-term DO and algal dynamics in a sub-tropical, nitrogen-limited, marine ecosystem are studied by means of a specially designed telemetry system. The high resolution data show clearly the importance of the vertical DO structure, and its relationship with environmental variables (solar radiation, water temperature, wind, tidal current) and phytoplankton dynamics. The design, instrumentation and calibration, and operational experience of the system are described. The simple and robust system has proved useful in (i) providing continuous data for full testing of water quality models, and (ii) the planning of field experiments to study algal dynamics.