Micro-irrigation development in India: an analysis of distributional pattern and potential correlates

ABSTRACT

In India, of late, micro-irrigation has received considerable policy focus. However, as of 2017, only about 10% of the potential area is under micro-irrigation. The present study analyzes the pattern and equity issues of distribution of micro-irrigation in India and identifies the potential correlates. The regression analysis reveals that the stage of groundwater development and agro-climatic differences significantly influence the spread of micro-irrigation. The relatively low spread of micro-irrigation in states with over-exploited groundwater needs attention. Overall, the study points to the need to revamp the current micro-irrigation development programmes, which focus excessively on subsidy.     

Mercury contamination in fish from gold mining areas in Indonesia and human health risk assessment

This study investigates the effects on fish and assesses human health hazards from mercury released in two gold mining areas in Indonesia: Tatelu (North Sulawesi Province) and Galangan (Katingan District, Central Kalimatan Province). In Tatelu, 154 fish specimens of 10 freshwater species were collected, as well as five marine species from the fish market. The mean concentration of total mercury in muscles of freshwater fish from this area was 0.58+/-0.44 microg/g, with more than 45% of fish having Hg levels above the WHO guideline for human consumption of 0.5 microg/g. In Galangan, where 263 fish specimens of 25 species were collected, the total mercury in muscles averaged 0.25+/-0.69 microg/g. Excluding data from flooded open pits in sub-area P4, mean Hg levels in fish from Galangan were 2 to 4 times lower than 0.5 microg/g, while fewer than 10% of fish from Galangan exceeded WHO guidelines. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was applied to both areas to determine the threat of MeHg exposure for communities in both areas. The HQ is a risk assessment indicator which defines the ratio of exposure level to a single substance in relation to a reference dose. Samples from Tatelu (excluding marine species) had an HQ above one, while those from Galangan resulted in values of 2.4 for the whole area and 9.9 for sub-area P4, pointing to potentially harmful fish consumption for the local population. By using the single-compartment model to estimate mercury levels in blood and hair from daily intake dose, sub-area P4 showed the highest levels, higher than the upper limit guideline for pregnant women, but still lower than threshold levels associated with observed clinical effects.     

荆州长江公路大桥运营阶段健康观测浅析

介绍了荆州长江公路大桥运营阶段健康观测的内容，对健康观测的结果进行了初步分析，为大桥的工作状况评估、养护与管理等工作提供了依据，同时也可供其他同类桥梁运营期健康观测参考。     

重庆市人民公园改造投标方案介绍及启示

通过介绍人民公园改造投标方案，探索如何在保留城市公园历史文脉和地域特色的同时，提升公园的景观形象和质量。     

公路工程区域报价的多样性及其统一性

通过对产生公路工程区域报价多样性的原因进行分析，提出了规范与统一报价的具体措施，并指出投标阶段关系到产品的质量与投资者实施项目的标底。     

地域文化对传统民居的影响——以西南民居与西北民居的对比为例

分析地域文化对传统民居的影响,探讨延续和发展传统民居地域文化的有效途径。运用对比的方法,从地域文化的角度,对西南民居和西北民居的聚落组合形式、民居形式、宗教影响、外来文化影响等方面进行对比,并在此基础上分析随着时代的发展,如何延续和发展传统民居的地域文化。     

区域能源优化配置原则设计

随着智慧能源、能源互联网等概念的提出,人们对于能源的利用从能源种类到利用形式越来越多样化。该文重新定义多种能源互联网络的概念,并对局域能源网、区域能源网和广域能源网进行划分。在能源互联网络规划建设中,很重要的一项工作是能源优化配置。为了更好地配置能源,需要遵守特定的原则,但是目前很少有文献对于能源配置原则进行讨论。以区域能源网为研究对象,设计区域能源网络中能源优化配置的若干原则,并对每一个原则进行了详细的说明。最后以天津港为例对所提出的能源优化配置原则的应用进行演示。     

Structural health monitoring of innovative bridge decks

For more than a century, important civil engineering structures such as bridges, high-rise buildings, dams and marine platforms have contained iron or steel as the reinforcement for concrete or wood. The useful lives of such structures have often been severely limited by the corrosion of this ferrous component. Much thought has been given in recent years to constructing structures that are lighter, stronger and non-corrosive. These innovative structures are new and for these to be accepted by the engineering community monitoring is mandatory. ISIS Canada has been developing such structures and monitoring them. In this paper, innovative bridge decks that have been implemented are described.     

构建具有民俗文化的地域景观——以西昌邛海缸窑湾度假村景观规划设计方案为例

民俗文化是地域景观的构成要素,民俗文化的传承对展现地域文化具有重要的意义,在城乡建设中对民俗风情的探索已经成为相关领域研究的热点。本文以西昌邛海缸窑湾度假村景观规划设计方案为例,通过对当地民俗文化从精神层面的解析,提炼成方案设计的手法,探讨如何在地域景观设计中更好地融入民俗文化要素。     

Measuring and modelling the thermal performance of the Tamar Suspension Bridge using a wireless sensor network

A study on the thermal performance of the Tamar Suspension Bridge deck in Plymouth, UK, is presented in this paper. Ambient air, suspension cable, deck and truss temperatures were acquired using a wired sensor system. Deck extension data were acquired using a two-hop wireless sensor network. Empirical models relating the deck extension to various combinations of temperatures were derived and compared. The most accurate model, which used all the four temperature variables, predicted the deck extension with an accuracy of 99.4%. Time delays ranging from 10 to 66 min were identified between the daily cycles of the air temperature and of the structural temperatures and deck extension. However, accounting for these delays in the temperature–extension models did not improve the models' prediction accuracy. The results of this study suggest that bridge design recommendations are based on overly simplistic assumptions which could result in significant errors in the estimated deck movement, especially for temperature extremes. These findings aim to help engineers better understand the important aspect of thermal performance of steel bridges. This paper also presents a concise study on the effective use of off-the-shelf wireless technology to support structural health monitoring of bridges.