Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt and Pd catalysts for the abatement of lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles emissions: influence of water and sulphur containing compounds

The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH₄ traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H₂S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H₂S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H₂S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by TPD in O₂/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO₂ and O₂ in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O₂/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested.     

Study of the amination of fatty alcohols catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts

Amination of fatty alcohols by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis is one of the main commercial processes for the production of dimethylalkylamines. The key factor in this process is the preparation of catalysts with high selectivity. A study of amination catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts supported on CaCO₃ is reported in this paper. Selectivity of the catalysts was adjustable by varying the ratio of Cu to Ni or by adding a third element (Zn or Mg). The promotion of catalyst selectivity was mainly attributable to the effect of the components on the reducibility of Ni²⁺ in the catalysts. Lower reducibility of Ni²⁻ led to higher catalyst selectivity.     

Rh(Ⅲ)—钍试剂—高碘酸钾新体系催化光度法测定痕量铑

在pH3.9醋酸盐缓冲溶液中及加热条件下,Rh(Ⅲ)对高碘酸钾氧化钍试剂这一褪色反应有强烈的催化作用,可藉自来水冷却中止反应,研究了催化光度测定痕量铑的影响因素,建立了一个检出限和测定范围分别为0.06ng/ml和0.12～4.5ng/ml铑的催化光度新方法。     

改性高岭土上甲苯的选择性硝化(IV)

应用Ｍｅｎｋｅ条件，在改性高岭土固体酸催化下，甲苯能被浓硝酸对位选择性硝化，表现在对邻硝化产物比例达到１．５。     

TiO2-coated foams as a medium for solar catalysis

Sunlight irradiating the surface of the Earth represents a maximum input available for a solar catalytic process of 50 W_UV m⁻². We propose using high-porosity, metallic, reticulated foams as the support medium for the photocatalyst in order to improve the apparent quantum yield. The layer of TiO₂ was applied by dip-coating. The measurement of the degradation kinetics was carried out on a model target molecule, 2,4 dichlorophenol, at an initial concentration of 10 mg l⁻¹. The aim was to assess the efficiency of the foams as a photocatalytic media compared to that of a suspension of catalytic powder (Degussa P25) and the flat 2D support (Ahlstrom cellulose media). The apparent quantum yield of the foam scaffold carrying the TiO₂ was high, showing that, as with the powder suspension, foam makes good use of the UV rays to break down molecules. It is noteworthy that the apparent quantum yield of the foam tended towards that observed for suspensions which form the ideal support thanks to their optimal ability to harness the light.     

纳米硅胶体铅酸善电池

从原理上分析了纳米气相二氧化硅胶体铅酸蓄电池的特性,介绍了一种研究成果,应用于铅蓄电池的硅胶体的制造原理和方法。主要是利用表面化学的基本原理和电化学动力学催化的基本方法,应用纳米气相SiO2溶胶的半导体掺杂电化学界面催化理论和纳米气相二氧化硅的表面改性理论,对纳米气相二氧化硅的表面改性,应用湿法改性：用有机改性,填加偶联剂和高分子表面活性剂和分散剂,如萘黄酸甲醛缩合物、聚丙稀酸、乙二醇、丙稀酸等。用无机改性,填加硼、磷、锡、硒等元素的化合物,都能达到改性的目的。使铅酸蓄电池具有克服了三种早期容量损失达到长寿命、大容量等优良的特性。     

欧IV标准的催化转化器结构耐久性验证

接近发动机排气歧管位置的催化转化器由于其最大限度地发挥了催化剂的效能,被欧IV排放标准的车辆广泛应用。本文介绍这种催化转化器的结构和试验验证过程,包括试验目的、试验方案、失效模式、试验参数的确定等等,给出了确定加速耐久性试验的循环次数方程。     

高温热解法制备的纳米碳纤维的透射电子显微镜研究

以纳米尺度的镍粉为催化剂，使乙炔气体在高温下热解，制备了纳米碳纤维，利用透电子显微镜对样品的形貌和结构进行了观察研究，讨论了纳米碳纤维的形成机制。     

TAR—Ni的配合物吸附极谱催化波的研究

本文研究了在0.030M NaOH—0.040M Na_3C_6H_5O_7—0.6％NaAc介质中、TAR试剂[4—(2—噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚]与Ni生成的配合物的极谱催化波。此催化波具有很高的灵敏度。峰电位在—0.78V(相对大面积银丝醮录电极)检测限为0.1ppb镍浓度与峰电流关系在0.5ppb—200ppb范围内呈良好的线性关系。本文进行了水样中镍的含量的测定。方法简便、快速、结果较为满意。     

Hydrogen atom density in a solar plasma reactor

A density of neutral hydrogen atoms was systematically measured in the MESOX solar plasma reactor at different MW powers and flow rates. The H-atom density was measured by a gold fibre optics catalytic probe. The H-atom density was in general increasing with increasing MW power. At a pressure of 40 Pa and a power of 500 W it was about 3.5 × 10²¹ m⁻³ and at a power of 1000 W it was about 4.1 × 10²¹ m⁻³. A degree of dissociation of hydrogen molecules was between 3% and 20% depending on pressure and power. A maximum degree of dissociation was obtained at a pressure of 40 Pa and 1000 W, while the lowest one at 130 Pa and 500 W.