萜类化学品中试设备CDMCS构建及在监控系统升级改造中的应用

在充分分析和研究现有设备及监控基本状况的基础上,首次将 DCS 技术引入萜类化学品中试设备的升级改造,研究、设计并构建起萜类化学品中试设备的中央数字化监控系统(简称 CDMCS )。完成了CDMCS系统调试、设备调试、联机试运行和实际投料应用试验,实际成功运行时间90多天,达到了预期效果,温度控制精度为± 1℃,显示精度为 0.1℃,压力控制精度 1 kPa,显示精度 0.1 kPa。为我国林产化工行业及生物质化工行业进行产业技术水平提升和数字化控制技术应用创造了成功范例,取得了成功的经验,具有积极的示范作用和广阔的推广应用前景。     

A photovoltaic-powered water electrolyzer: its performance and economics

A prototype water electrolyzer designed to operate from a solar photovoltaic (PV) array without power conditioning was operated for three months at the Florida Solar Energy Center. A 1 kWpk PV array was used to operate the electrolyzer at internal gas pressure from 0 to 40 psig. Performance of the electrolyzer/PV array was measured and characterized in terms of charge efficiency and power efficiency calculated from the operating data. The economics of residential production of hydrogen for energy purposes were calculated and summarized. While the near-term outlook for this energy storage technique was not found to be favorable, the long-term outlook was encouraging.     

互感器的作用与特性分析

互感器通过电磁耦合关系,将一次侧的电能传输到二次侧去,低电压二次系统与高电压一次系统实现电气隔离,提供低电压,小电流信号实现电路控制.笔者提醒：电压互感器二次绕组不能短接,电流互感器二次绕组不能开路.     

Catalytic activity of various iron sulphides in coal liquefaction

Iron sulphides with various S-Fe atomic ratios, such as pyrite, iron(III) sulphide, pyrrhotite and troilite, were used as catalysts for coal liquefaction. Catalytic activities were compared on the basis of the temperature of the exothermic peak due to coal hydrogenolysis. Effects of hydrogen sulphide on catalytic activity of iron sulphides were also investigated. It is concluded that:

• 1.1. The catalytic activity of iron sulphides increases with increasing S-Fe ratio;
• 2.2. pyrite, with the highest catalytic activity, is converted to pyrrhotite before the onset of exothermic reactions from coal hydrogenolysis, this evidently being the reason for the high catalytic activity;
• 3.3. the catalytic activity of iron sulphides depends on the coal type;
• 4.4. the high catalytic activity of pyrite may be due to the creation of fresh pyrite surface during the reaction rather than to the presence of high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide.

     

纳滤回收染料废水中染料的实验研究

以含盐染料废水为研究对象,应用商业化的卷式膜组件,研究了纳滤膜对染料和盐的截留特性．实验结果表明,纳滤膜对染料的截留率高达99％以上．当染料分子量高于膜截留分子量时,染料初始浓度和染料品种对染料截留率的影响甚小,盐浓度对染料截留也无明显影响,但对NaCl截留率影响显著．随料液中NaCl浓度的增加,盐截留率快速下降,当盐浓度达到3．5％时,NaCl的截留率低于25％．纳滤膜对染料的高截留率和对NaCl的低截留率,使得应用纳滤技术从含盐染料废水中回收染料具有较好的经济性和可行性．