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John M. Halloin Thomas G. Cooper E. James Potchen Tommy E. Thompson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(12):1259-1262
Magnetic resonance images of plant tissues typically are manifestations of water protons in tissues. Within oilseeds, however,
lipids contain a major portion of the mobile protons, which should enable specific imaging of lipids. In this study, experiments
were done to demonstrate spin-echo imaging (SEI) and chemical-shift imaging (CSI) of lipid within nonimbibed and imbibed embryos
of pecan (Carya illinoensis), a high-lipid seed. Magnetic resonance spectra of airdry embryos contained a single major peak for lipid, whereas those
of imbibed embryos contained separate peaks for water and lipid. This separation of spectral peaks enabled CSI of distributions
of either lipids or water in imbibed embryos. A longer spin-spin relaxation time of lipid protons than of water protons in
imbibed embryos allowed selective SEI of lipids in those embryos. SEI of normal, dry embryos revealed fairly uniform distribution
of lipids across tissues. Similar images of embryos damaged by the fungusPhoma exocarpina or the insectZerara viridula were less intense than those of a normal embryo, reflecting the lower oil contents of the damaged embryos. Magnetic resonance
imaging should provide a useful technology for studying lipid distribution and metabolism within oil seeds. 相似文献
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分别采用冷榨法和水酶法提取山核桃油,测定其中的总多酚、总黄酮、维生素E、角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇含量和脂肪酸组成及含量,对比分析冷榨法和水酶法提取对山核桃油中活性成分含量的影响。结果表明:冷榨法山核桃油中总多酚、总黄酮和维生素E含量显著高于水酶法山核桃油,而角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量显著低于水酶法山核桃油。冷榨法山核桃油共检出11种脂肪酸,水酶法山核桃油共检出8种脂肪酸,两种方法提取的山核桃油中不饱和脂肪酸总量均达到90%以上。 相似文献
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为探究云南引种美国山核桃品种之间的品质差异,为其深加工和品种选育奠定理论基础,选择9个有代表性的美国山核桃品种,测定其种仁的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、维生素E、微量元素含量和脂肪酸组成,并对各指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:9个品种的美国山核桃种仁粗蛋白质含量在437~7.96 g/100 g之间,平均值为5.88 g/100 g;粗脂肪含量在53.21%~74.91%之间,平均值为65.90%;维生素E含量在0.89~1.22 mg/g之间,平均值为1.04 mg/g;9个品种美国山核桃种仁Zn、Fe、Ca含量平均值分别为0.068、0.118、0.514 mg/g,Pb含量平均值为0.115 μg/g,低于国标限值;9个品种美国山核桃种仁脂肪酸组成基本一致,主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸等;相关性分析表明各指标间均存在不同程度的正相关或负相关。不同品种美国山核桃在基本营养成分、脂肪酸组成及微量元素含量方面各有侧重,在精深加工过程中需要根据成品、配料、加工工艺等有针对性地选择,在品种培育方面,也可以根据各品种特点进行定向培养。 相似文献
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Mengyang Xu Pei Liu Xiaodong Jia Min Zhai Shigang Zhou Baocheng Wu Zhongren Guo 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(9):4987-5006
Carya illinoinensis is rich in phenolic metabolites such as tannins and flavonols, but both the composition and the distribution of these nutritional constituents in most pecan organs were still unclear. In this experiment, a comprehensive qualification and quantification of phenolic metabolites in eight organs of pecan were conducted for the first time. Ninety‐seven phenolic metabolites were identified, in which twelve were identified for the first time in pecan, including a series of ellagitannins with high molecular weight. Hydrolysable tannin was the dominant kind of phenolic metabolites in pecan. The metabolic profiles of tannins in pecan were extended. Thirty‐three phenolic metabolites were quantified, among them the highest content was ellagic acid pentose in testa. From this experiment, we can see that the distribution of phenolic metabolites in pecan was organ‐specific, tannins tend to accumulate in pecan testa with both diverse structures and high contents, while flavonols tend to accumulate in organs such as branch, bark, or leaf. Among all organs, testa contained the highest content of phenolics, which might play important roles in protecting pecan kernel from diseases and insects. A massive phenolic metabolites' matrix in different pecan organs was built in this experiment, which should be useful for related researches in the future and help provide a theoretical basis for using these organs as functional foods. 相似文献
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山核桃加工过程脂肪酸氧化及抗氧化能力变化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
试验选取浙江临安山核桃加工过程样品。研究了山核桃原料脂肪酸组成和相对质量分数以及加工过程中4种主要脂肪酸氧化规律及抗氧化能力变化情况。结果表明:山核桃脂肪酸组分共确认13种,其中油酸(C18∶1)、亚油酸(C18∶2)、棕榈酸(C16∶0)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)为山核桃中最主要的4种脂肪酸;加工过程4种主要脂肪酸含量均呈缓慢下降趋势,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸在蒸煮阶段下降速度最快,棕榈酸则在第一次炒制阶段含量下降最快;蒸煮工序对抗氧化能力影响最大;山核桃细胞脂滴在蒸煮后即发生破裂,之后随着加工过程扩散融合。试验结果显示山核桃脂肪酸氧化在加工过程持续发生,长时间高温促进氧化加剧,自身抗氧化能力则逐渐下降,细胞结构破坏。 相似文献
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为了比较22个山核桃无性系的经济性状与营养成分差异,对果仁的粗脂肪、粗蛋白、脂肪酸等进行了测定,旨在筛选果实经济性状和营养成分优良的栽培无性系。粗脂肪、蛋白质、脂肪酸的相对含量较稳定,变异系数均小于27%。在22个山核桃无性系油脂中共检测出8种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸有油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈烯酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸,饱和脂肪酸有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸,并且脂肪酸成分的相对含量之间存在差异,脂肪酸中的棕榈烯酸和花生酸变异系数较大,属于中等变异;其余六种脂肪酸的变异系数较小,性状较稳定。大源5号、高岭3号和徐坑2号为果实高不饱和脂肪酸的优良无性系。不饱和脂肪酸中,油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关,相关指数为-0.993**,且油酸和亚油酸总量的相对含量基本不变,即山核桃果实中的不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量比较稳定。对22个山核桃无性系果实的各性状进行比较,综合分析得出:大源2号、高岭3号、高岭7号、徐坑40号含水率、出壳率、粗蛋白等均高于其他无性系,可以作为优良山核桃干果重点利用品种。大源5号、高岭3号和徐坑2号果实不饱和脂肪酸均较高,是供食用的优良品种。 相似文献
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