Separation of di- and tripeptides with solvent extraction and an emulsion liquid membrane

The extraction equilibria of various di- and tripeptides with di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were studied at low pH values. The complex extracted to organic phase consisted of one molecule of peptide and two molecules of D2EHPA dimer. The extraction constants of the peptides correlated well with the distribution coefficients of peptides between 1-octanol and water, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. The permeation rates of peptides through an emulsion liquid membrane were examined by using D2EHPA as a carrier, Span 80 as an emulsifier and kerosene as a diluent. The rates varied considerably with peptide type, depending upon the hydrophobicity.     

Prebiotic synthesis of sequential peptides on the Hadean beach by a molecular engine working with nitrogen oxides as energy sources

Addressing the still open question of the prebiotic origin of sequential macromolecules (peptides, nucleic acids) on the primitive Earth, we describe a molecular engine (the primary pump), which works at ambient temperature and continuously generates, elongates and complexifies sequential peptides. This new scenario is based on a cyclic reaction sequence, whose keystep is the activation of amino acids into their N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA) through nitrosation by NOx. This process could have taken place on tidal beaches; it requires a buffered ocean, emerged land and a nitrosating atmosphere. With the help of geochemical studies and computer simulations of atmosphere photochemistry, we show that the primitive Earth during the Hadean may have satisfied all these requirements. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.     

An in-vitro method for prediction of the digestible crude protein content in pig feeds

An in-vitro method using commercially available enzymes for the prediction of the in-vivo digestible crude protein content was developed and tested on seven feedstuffs and 16 diets for pigs. Fat-extracted feed samples were consecutively incubated with pepsin at pH 1 and pancreatin at pH 6.8. From the nitrogen content of the feed sample and of the residue after incubation the in-vitro digestibility of the crude protein was calculated. Using the linear regression of in-vitro on in-vivo digestible crude protein of samples obtained in feeding trials, the in-vivo digestible crude protein content (DXP_p) in g kg^?1 dry matter could be predicted. For feedstuffs and diets the correlation was 0.99 and 0.95 and the residual standard deviation 17 and 6 g kg^?1 dry matter, respectively. In a similar procedure the nitrogen solubilised during incubation with enzymes was analysed. The regression value was similar to that of the original procedure. However, this procedure was abandoned because it was more laborious.     

克鲁维酵母突变株UV-G-40-3菊粉酶性质的研究

研究了克鲁维酵母突变株（Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ－ＵＶ－Ｇ－４０－３）所产菊粉酶的分布为胞外酶∶胞壁酶∶胞内酶比是５．７∶１．６∶１。该酶Ｓ／Ｉ为５．３,最适温度为５０℃,最适ｐＨ为４．５,在５０℃以下、ｐＨ４．５～８的范围内比较稳定,４℃贮存稳定性好,１４ｄ后仍保持７６％活力,为外切型菊粉酶,酶解粗菊糖（洋姜提取液）活性为纯菊糖的４倍。     

三氯乙酸沉淀罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的液相色谱分析

用不同浓度三氯乙酸(TCA)溶液沉淀罗非鱼肉Alcalase2.4L酶解液,采用高效体积排阻色谱法对酶解液及沉淀后所得上清液的分子量分布进行分析,研究TCA对酶解液中蛋白或肽的沉淀效果。结果表明,1、2、5h酶解液的不同分子量肽段在1%、3%、5%、7%、10%TCA中都有沉淀作用,大于9.5ku组分的沉淀百分比在47.86%～59.28%之间,2.5～1.4ku的在38.41%～65.49%之间,1.0ku的在21.32%～78.89%之间。随TCA浓度的增加,沉淀百分比增加或减少。     

大豆多肽复合酶解工艺条件研究

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,经蛋白酶酶解、分离、提纯可以制得大豆多肽。试验采用复合酶解法结合正交试验分析,确定大豆蛋白复合酶解的最佳工艺条件为:三酶复合蛋白酶(由中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶以1∶2∶Z的比例复合而成)、底物浓度4%、pH7.0、酶解时间9h、大豆蛋白酶水解度(DH)84.40%。     

Milk biologically active components as nutraceuticals: review

Milk contains components that provide critical nutritive elements, immunological protection, and biologically active substances to both neonates and adults. Milk proteins are currently the main source of a range of biologically active peptides. Concentrates of these peptides are potential health-enhancing nutraceuticals for food and pharmaceutical applications. Several bioactive peptides may be used as nutraceuticals, for example, in the treatment of diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental diseases, as well as mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. Minor whey proteins, such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins, are considered antimicrobial proteins. Milk also contains some natural bioactive substances. These include oligosaccharides, fucosylated oligosaccharides, hormones, growth factors, mucin, gangliosides, and endogenous peptides, which are present in milk at secretion. Most of the claimed physiological properties of milk bioactive components have been carried out in vitro or in animal model systems, and these hypothesized properties remain to be proven in humans. Whether these milk bioactive components will replace drugs entirely in the immediate future is still unclear, but the increasing appreciation of "drug foods" or nutraceuticals plays a complementary rather than a substitutional role to the synthetic pharmacological drugs.     

Influence of the dehydration process on active compounds of okara during its fractionation

Okara (residue of the soymilk manufacture) is rich in proteins, fibres and lipids. It also contains isoflavones that possess health‐promoting properties. A new method has been developed for the valorization of fibres from okara by hydrolysis of insoluble proteins with a protease and removal of the oil. Three different processes were investigated: the first one involved delipidation and drying prior to proteolysis and led to the highest content of fibre (80%) in the final product. The second used proteolysis on crude okara followed by solvent delipidation–dehydration and gave an intermediate content of fibre (75%). The last process was totally enzymatic (proteolysis and lipolysis) and gave the lowest content of fibre in the final product (50%). Fibre water‐holding capacity was correlated to the total dietary fibre content of each sample. It was preferable to use crude okara for hydrolysis, since oven‐drying during the process decreased the water‐holding capacity and modified the isoflavone profile of okara. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

杜仲籽油的水酶法提取工艺研究

研究水酶法提取杜仲籽油的酶解最佳条件,重点考察了加酶量、酶解温度、酶解pH值及酶解时间等对杜仲籽油得率及油品质的影响,通过单因素及正交试验优化出酶解的最佳条件为:料液比1:10、加酶量为1%、酶解温度为55℃、酶解pH值为8.5、酶解时间为3h。在此条件下,杜仲籽油的得率稳定在81.3%,油呈黄色,清澈透明,且油脂的过氧化值在2.90,酸价在0.60,均在国家强制规定的一级品范围内,但水分含量在0.16%,相对偏高,有待进一步的优化。