Discriminative Stimulus, Reinforcing, Physical Dependence, and Antinociceptive Effects of Oxycodone in Mice, Rats, and Rhesus Monkeys.

Despite oxycodone's (4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one) history of clinical use and the attention it has received as a drug of abuse, few reports have documented its pharmacology's relevance to its abuse or its mechanism of action. The purposes of the present study were to further characterize the analgesic effects of oxycodone, its mechanism of action, and its effects in terms of its relevance to its abuse liability. The results indicate that oxycodone had potent antinociceptive effects in the mouse paraphenylquinone writhing, hot-plate, and tail-flick assays, in which it appeared to be acting as a μ-opioid receptor agonist. It generalized to the heroin discriminative stimulus and served as a positive reinforcer in rats and completely suppressed withdrawal signs in morphinedependent rhesus monkeys. These results suggest that the analgesic and abuse liability effects of oxycodone are likely mediated through μ-opioid receptors and provide the first laboratory report of its discriminative stimulus, reinforcing, and morphine cross-dependency effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Chromatographic analysis of species specific odor profiles inMastomys natalensis andM. coucha (Rodentia: Muridae)

Whole-body volatiles from males of the cryptic multimammate mouse speciesMastomys natalensis andM. coucha were analyzed by dynamic solvent effect sampling and capillary gas chromatography. One compound, 3-nonene-2-one, was always present, sometimes as the major component, in volatiles fromM. coucha and absent, or present only at low levels, in volatiles fromM. natalensis. The mean ±SD of the 3-nonen-2-one peak area forM. coucha was 8599 ±9630 and forM. natalensis 148 ±486. Chromatographic analysis was more reliable in identifying a male's species than were a female's in a two-choice olfactorium.     

干巴菌对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

探讨干巴菌醇提取物的水溶液及脂溶液对小鼠免疫功能的影响。分别用干巴菌的水溶液及脂溶液给小鼠灌胃10 d后,检测小鼠免疫器官重量、单核-腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、淋巴细胞增殖转化及细胞因子的情况。脏器/体重比值测定和淋巴细胞增殖转化试验阳性,干巴菌脂溶组TNFα的浓度的均数小于对应混合组和溶剂对照组。干巴菌有增强免疫功能的作用;干巴菌可能抑制正常小鼠分泌TNFα。     

胶原多肽钙的制备及小鼠应用试验

以制革厂准备工段的边角废料为原料,经酶两步法水解制备出高纯度的胶原多肽,选择合适的钙源使之和胶原多肽复合,制备出易于人体吸收、胶原与钙双补的新型补钙制剂,经小鼠应用试验证明效果良好。     

人参蛋白对小鼠的耐缺氧及抗氧化作用

目的:研究人参蛋白对小鼠耐缺氧及抗氧化能力的影响。方法:通过常压耐缺氧、亚硝酸钠中毒、急性脑缺血性缺氧三项指标评价人参蛋白对小鼠的耐缺氧作用;通过测定肝脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的变化,研究人参蛋白对小鼠体内抗氧化能力的影响。结果:与对照组比较人参蛋白组小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间、急性脑缺血性缺氧张口喘气时间均延长;同时人参蛋白能降低肝脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,并能提高肝脏和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。结论:人参蛋白对小鼠耐缺氧能力具有显著增强作用,对D-半乳糖造模小鼠有一定的抗氧化作用。     

云南野生香薷油对子代小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

本研究旨在探讨云南野生香薷油对子代小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。将昆明种小鼠从受孕第1d开始分为空白对照、阳性对照、低、中、高剂量5个组,用云南野生香薷油灌胃至断乳,断乳d小鼠按孕鼠剂量灌胃至出生49d后做Morris水迷宫实验,之后测定小鼠脑组织神经递质和肝、脑组织的脂肪酸。结果表明,与空白对照组比较,定位航行实验的第5d各组均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。空间探索实验的阳性对照组有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。脑神经递质TPro、NO、AchE：阳性、中、高剂量组均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肝脂肪酸结果中阳性和高剂量组的ALA有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;脑组织脂肪酸结果：高剂量组的油酸和ALA有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。可见,富含α-亚麻酸的香薷油具有部分改善子代小鼠学习记忆的功能,其作用可能与喂养此香薷油使脑组织的TPro升高,NO、AchE降低;肝和脑组织的α-亚麻酸升高有关。     

Antioxidant and anti‐acetylcholinesterase activities of anchovy (Coilia mystus) protein hydrolysates and their memory‐improving effects on scopolamine‐induced amnesia mice

Anchovy protein hydrolysates (APHs) were prepared through hydrolysis for 2, 4 or 8 h (APH‐2, APH‐4 and APH‐8, respectively). The chemical analyses, in vitro assessments [antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity] and in vivo mice tests were evaluated. Results revealed that APH‐8 exhibited the strongest reducing power and AchE inhibitory capacity (IC₅₀ = 159.76 ± 0.03 mg mL^?1), which may be due to its specific amino acid composition and newly formed peptides. In addition, AchE inhibitory kinetics of amino acids suggested that lysine was featured of both competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors. Furthermore, the results of in vivo study showed that all APHs exhibited memory‐improving action on scopolamine‐induced amnesia mice especially, APH‐8, indicating that anchovy protein is a potential source for health‐promoting peptides.     

水牛初乳粉对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

用不同浓度的水牛初乳粉溶液灌胃免疫低下的小鼠,20 d后测定免疫指标。发现水牛初乳对免疫低下小鼠脾脏和胸腺具有保护作用,可以明显提高T淋巴细胞和白细胞数,提高血液中免疫球蛋白数量。结果表明,水牛初乳能提高机体的免疫能力,且对环磷酰胺所造成的免疫低下具有缓解作用。     

家蚕丝素粉对糖尿病预防作用的研究

研究了家蚕丝素粉对糖尿病小鼠的预防作用和对正常小鼠血糖及葡萄糖的耐受作用。结果表明,家蚕丝素粉在1000mg/kg和3000mg/kg的剂量下,糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖值明显低于模型组23.38%和38.22%,达到了显著水平;家蚕丝素粉对正常小鼠血糖无明显降低作用;家蚕丝素粉在1000mg/kg和3000mg/kg的剂量下具有明显增强正常小鼠的葡萄糖耐受作用,而且达到了显著水平。     

杜仲雄花茶中活性成分的测定及催眠作用的药理研究

利用高效液相色谱对杜仲雄花茶中京尼平甙酸和绿原酸的含量进行了测定,研究了杜仲雄花茶提取液对戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠产生催眠作用的影响。用5种不同浓度的杜仲雄花茶提取液给小鼠连续灌胃7d,与末次给药后60min按照0.1mL/10g剂量腹腔注射0.30%的戊巴比妥钠,观察并记录入睡时间和睡眠时间。试验显示杜仲雄花茶具有较好的协同戊巴比妥钠催眠小鼠的作用。