Machine-learning paradigms for selecting ecologically significant input variables

Harmful algal blooms, which are considered a serious environmental problem nowadays, occur in coastal waters in many parts of the world. They cause acute ecological damage and ensuing economic losses, due to fish kills and shellfish poisoning as well as public health threats posed by toxic blooms. Recently, data-driven models including machine-learning (ML) techniques have been employed to mimic dynamics of algal blooms. One of the most important steps in the application of a ML technique is the selection of significant model input variables. In the present paper, we use two extensively used ML techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) for selecting the significant input variables. The efficacy of these techniques is first demonstrated on a test problem with known dependence and then they are applied to a real-world case study of water quality data from Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. These ML techniques overcome some of the limitations of the currently used techniques for input variable selection, a review of which is also presented. The interpretation of the weights of the trained ANN and the GP evolved equations demonstrate their ability to identify the ecologically significant variables precisely. The significant variables suggested by the ML techniques also indicate chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) itself to be the most significant input in predicting the algal blooms, suggesting an auto-regressive nature or persistence in the algal bloom dynamics, which may be related to the long flushing time in the semi-enclosed coastal waters. The study also confirms the previous understanding that the algal blooms in coastal waters of Hong Kong often occur with a life cycle of the order of 1–2 weeks.     

MATLAB的两种图形用户界面参数输入方法

在用MATLAB编写大型工程计算、科学仿真程序时,对于参数繁多,而又经常需要修改参数的情况,设计一个图形用户界面的参数输入窗口,就显得十分方便和必要。利用图形用户界面设计向导GUIDE和输入对话框函数inputdlg两种方法,可以快速完成参数输入的图形用户界面设计,并介绍了详细的步骤和例程。     

综合试验与评价策略及其在美军武器装备研制中的应用

综合化作为技术创新和管理创新的一种有效途径,正在国外尤其是美国武器装备试验与评价领域获得推广应用.概括介绍了综合试验与评价策略的内涵和方案模型及其在美军武器装备研制中的应用,以期对我国军工试验与评价工作的开展有所启发和帮助.     

传爆序列飞片起爆理论研究及应用

在考虑受主炸药盖片对撞击入射冲击波衰减作用的基础上，得到了改进的飞片起爆计算模型，经与实验结果对比表明这一改进模型更符合实际系统。     

江西省农村计划生育适宜技术供方使用评价分析

目的探讨江西省计划生育适宜技术供方使用及评价情况。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对5个示范县228例医务人员使用4项计划生育适宜技术情况进行问卷调查。结果医务人员对4项计划生育适宜技术总体满意度为76.2%。对4项技术的满意率存在明显差异（P〈0.001）。4项计划生育技术的诊疗效果、操作简便、病人易接受、适宜性、安全性、节约时间、省钱等方面的满意率分别为96.5%、93.4%、92.5%、97.8%、98.2%、92.5%、83.3%。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示：技术使用者的专业技术职称越高越容易推广,对技术掌握的程度越熟练越容易推广,适宜技术价格越贵越不容易推广,诊疗效果满意则易于推广。结论江西省农村卫生适宜技术使用推广效果好。适宜技术的推广宜选用职称高、技术熟练、价格相对较低、疗效较为满意的技术开展推广运用。     

便携式红外寻的防空导弹抗干扰技术

抗干扰技术是新一代便携式红外寻的防空导弹要解决的主要问题.该文分析了机载红外干扰的种类,对便携式防空导弹的红外抗干扰技术、原理及方法作了相关的研究和介绍,对未来红外抗干扰技术发展提出了建议.     

战场电子设备之间作用关系的描述及其判定

采用科学合理的研究方法理清战场电子设备之间的作用关系,是对复杂电磁环境进行模拟构建和复杂性分析的最基本、最关键的环节。首先给出了战场电子设备之间作用关系分类的描述方法,然后提出了从作战时机、工作频段、作战空间、信号能量、信号极化方式和信号样式等六个方面考虑的判定因子,最后给出了每种作用关系的判定方法。研究成果对复杂电磁环境问题研究具有实用价值。     

卫星定位中伪距的广义延拓外推

GPS当丢失部分伪距不能正常定位时,采用广义延拓外推法外推伪距来实现对用户位置的定位.仿真结果和理论推理表明,这种伪距外推法在外推步数一定的条件下能满足用户接收机定位的要求.     

制造业突破库存管理瓶颈的方法及实证研究

通过分析目前国内制造业的库存现状及管理思路,找出美国卡莱公司造成成品库存积压的原因及库存积压给企业生产经营带来的不良影响。结合卡莱公司降低库存的实例,指出运用目标管理、鱼骨图、ABC分类等管理工具,是降低库存的最有效方法。本次成功地降低了库存量,为相关制造业进行有效的库存管理提供借鉴。     

Molecular epidemiology and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus species isolated from Chinese dairy cows with clinical mastitis

Staphylococcus species, categorized into Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), are frequent causes of mastitis in dairy cattle around the world. Current treatments using antimicrobials are under increasing scrutiny due to rising prevalence of multi-drug resistance in S. aureus. Objectives of this study were to determine: (1) genetic diversity of Staphylococcus species isolated from clinical mastitis in cows from large Chinese dairy farms; and (2) prevalence and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in these isolates. Staphylococcus aureus (n = 96) were isolated from 26 herds located in 12 provinces of China, whereas NAS (n = 112) were isolated from 59 herds located in 18 provinces of China. The NAS were identified at the species level using a partial 16S rRNA sequencing method, whereas random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR was done to determine genetic relationships of isolates. Finally, PCR was used to detect resistance and biofilm formation genes. Staphylococcus chromogenes (33%) was the most common NAS species, followed by Staphylococcus sciuri (17%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8%). Staphylococcus aureus was grouped in 12 genotypes, of which 2 types represented 56% of isolates. Staphylococcus chromogenes (n = 37) clustered into 8 RAPD types, with 2 prevalent types containing 73% of isolates. The most prevalent ARG in S. aureus isolates was blaZ (95%), followed by tetM (33%), tetK (31%), ermT (26%), and aacA-aphD (23%). The mecA and vanA were detected in 16 and 4% of isolates, respectively. In NAS, blaZ (100%), mecA (73%), tetK (79%), tetM (96%), mphC (63%), and msrA (54%) were frequently detected. Antimicrobial resistance genes mecA, tetK, tetL, tetM, dfrG, ermB, msrA, mphC, aadD, and aphA3 were more commonly detected in NAS than in S. aureus. Biofilm formation genes (icaA and icaD) were frequently detected in staphylococci isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. The existence of predominant RAPD types in S. aureus and S. chromogenes isolates across Chinese dairy farms indicated that specific genotypes had disseminated within herds and become more udder-adapted. High prevalence of ARG, especially in NAS, highlighted the risk of selection of multi-drug resistant staphylococci with potential as a reservoir of ARG.