Molten salts/ceramic-foam matrix composites by melt infiltration method as energy storage material

A new type of high temperature energy storage material was obtained through the melt infiltration method, using compounding SiC ceramic foam as matrix and Na₂SO₄ as phase change material. The resulting composite material was measured by XRD, SEM, TG-DSC methods. The experimental results indicate that the composite is composed of silicon carbide, sodium sulfate and square quartz, and no chemical reactions occurs between Na₂SO₄ and SiC matrix. Na₂SO₄ has a good bonding with the SiC ceramic foam matrix. As the composite material is characterized by high thermal energy storage density and high thermal conductivity, it is suit for energy storage under high temperature. Funded by the “863” Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2008AA05Z418)     

Diagnosis of a Moist Thermodynamic Advection Parameter in Heavy-Rainfall Events

A moist thermodynamic advection parameter,defined as an absolute value of the dot product of horizontal gradients of three-dimensional potential temperature advection and general potential temperature,is introduced to diagnose frontal heavy rainfall events in the north of China.It is shown that the parameter is closely related to observed 6-h accumulative surface rainfall and simulated cloud hydrometeors.Since the parameter is capable of describing the typical vertical structural characteristics of dynamic,thermodynamic and water vapor fields above a strong precipitation region near the front surface,it may serve as a physical tracker to detect precipitable weather systems near to a front.A tendency equation of the parameter was derived in Cartesian coordinates and calculated with the simulation output data of a heavy rainfall event.Results revealed that the advection of the parameter by the three-dimensional velocity vector,the covariance of potential temperature advection by local change of the velocity vector and general potential temperature,and the interaction between potential temperature advection and the source or sink of general potential temperature,accounted for local change in the parameter.This indicated that the parameter was determined by a combination of dynamic processes and cloud microphysical processes.     

熔渗法AgW（75）触头材料研究

电触头作为电器设备的关键元件之一,既是载流体,又是机械零部件,要求具有良好的导电导热性、耐电孤烧损、抗熔焊、低而稳定的接触电阻、有一定的强度和易于机械加工等。本研究采用粉末冶金熔渗技术制备AgW（75）电触头材料,对其进行复压、复烧,并测量了其力学物理性能和显微组织。结果表明,粉末冶金熔渗技术与复压复烧相结合制备的AgW（75）触头材料的相对密度高,硬度达到国家标准要求,但材料收缩性大。     

汶川地震极震区震后高川乡泥石流降雨警戒模式

以汶川地震极震区绵阳市安县高川乡泥石流为例,在对其爆发历史及相应降雨资料的详细调查、收集基础之上,研究了高川乡泥石流发生的临界雨量特征,得到了该乡泥石流临界雨量Ic-R关系式,进而建立了高川乡泥石流发生的降雨警戒模式,得到该乡泥石流发生不同几率下的警戒基准线,并验证了该警戒模式具有较高可信度,可用于研究区泥石流预警分析中。     

Vacuum Infiltration of Polyamines Increases Firmness of Strawberry Slices Under Various Storage Conditions

Strawberry slices were vacuum infiltrated with polyamines and changes in firmness during storage were determined. Spermine and spermidine at 10 mM or 100 mM significantly increased firmness, whereas pu-trescine was not as effective at increasing firmness of slices stored at 1°C. The firming effect of the polyamines was similar to that of calcium chloride, and may have been due to their ability to bind to cell walls and membranes. In ripe receptacles of various cultivars which differed in firmness, putrescine (12–38 nmol/g fresh weight) and spermidine (19–33 nmoI/g fresh weight) were the predominant polyamines, while only low levels of spermine (<10 nmol/g fresh weight) were present. There was no discernible relationship between endogenous polyamine levels and fresh fruit firmness for the cultivars studied.     

CVI法制备SiCp/SiC复合材料的力学性能研究

对用CVI法制备的SiCp/SiC复合材料的力学性能进行研究。研究表明:材料表现出脆性断裂的破坏失效特征;SiCp/SiC复合材料内部颗粒间、团聚体之间残留的微孔和孔隙等薄弱环节使材料的强度降低;复合材料基体和增强相之间有一层由树脂热解而产生的玻璃碳,造成界面的弱结合,使材料强度不高。     

Proposal for an Inundation Hazard Index of Road Links for Safer Routing Services in Car Navigation Systems

Inundation of roads by heavy rainfall has attracted more attention than traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and construction because it simultaneously causes travel delays and threatens driver safety. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose an inundation hazard index (IHI) of road links, which shows the possibility of inundation of road links caused by rainfall. To generate the index, we have used two key data sources, namely the digital elevation model (DEM) and past rainfall records of when inundation has occurred. IHI is derived by statistically analyzing the relationships between the normalized relative height of the road links calculated from DEM within the watershed and past rainfall records. After analyzing the practical applicability of the proposed index with a commercial car navigation system through a set of tests, we confirmed that the proposed IHI could be implemented to choose safer routes, with reduced chances of encountering roads having inundation risks.s     

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A new method of administering local anesthesia for calf disbudding: Findings from a comparative on-farm study in New Zealand

Anesthesia of the horn bud for calf disbudding commonly is attained by injection of local anesthetic over branches of the cornual nerve, with anesthesia achieved in 3 to 20 min. With experienced and trained staff, this method is effective in 88 to 100% of calves. Variability in response and time of onset can compromise calf welfare if calves are disbudded before anesthesia is attained. Proposed legislative reliance on effective local anesthetic as the minimal method of pain relief for calves at disbudding means that administration of local anesthetic must achieve a repeatable level and rapid onset of analgesia. We describe an alternative method of local anesthesia administration that uses local site infiltration of anesthetic over the horn bud. However, this method has not yet been scientifically validated. This study assessed differences between disbudding using the cornual nerve block and disbudding with local anesthesia administered by local site infiltration. Efficacy of local anesthesia was assessed at 30-s intervals after administration by absence of reaction to 3 consecutive needle pricks over the horn buds. Behavior indicating pain was assessed during disbudding and scored from 0 to 3. Calf behavior was also recorded for 3 h after disbudding. Accelerometer data loggers were fitted to each calf for 24 h before and after disbudding to assess lying and standing times. Median time to cutaneous desensitization for local infiltration was 60 s compared with 225 s for cornual nerve block, and the variance in time to desensitization was less with local infiltration. Calves disbudded under cornual block had a larger behavioral response (indicated by a graded aversive body reaction) than calves disbudded under local infiltration. A multivariable model predicted that the mean body reaction score would be 0.6 for calves disbudded under local infiltration and 1.2 for calves disbudded under cornual block. There was no difference in any behaviors between the treatment groups in the 3 h after disbudding. Method of analgesia had no effect on lying time over the 24 h after disbudding. In this study, local infiltration was at least as effective in providing analgesia for disbudding as the cornual nerve block. Our results suggest that a more consistent, effective level of analgesia during disbudding was achieved using local infiltration and that there was no difference in postoperative expressions of pain.     

不同渗糖方式对红宝石李果脯品质的影响

以红宝石李为原料,采用常压、真空、超声波和微波3种渗糖加工方式,研究不同渗糖工艺下红宝石李果脯的色泽、质构特性、总糖含量、复水性、水分构成、滋味以及果脯品质的感官变化。结果表明:采用真空渗糖技术能够显著提高产品的亮度,微波渗糖得到的产品色泽较差;超声波渗糖的产品复水率、硬度和韧性显著偏高(P <0. 05),总糖含量最高;微波和超声波渗糖制备果脯中结合水的相对含量显著偏高(P <0. 05)。电子舌滋味测定结合感官评价超声波渗糖制备的果脯滋味最佳。