Reversed and Anomalous Doppler Effects in Photonic Crystals and other Time-dependent Periodic Media

We predict that reversed and anomalous non-relativistic Doppler shifts can be observed under some circumstances when light reflects from a shock wave front propagating through a photonic crystal, or material with a periodic modulation of the dielectric. This theoretical prediction is generalizable and applies to wave-like excitations in a variety of periodic media. An experimental observation of this effect has recently been made (Seddon, N. and Bearpark, T. Science, 302 (2003) 1537) and we provide a brief discussion of this experiment.     

Control of sonoluminescence signal in deionized water using carbon dioxide

Megasonic cleaning is routinely employed in semiconductor industry for cleaning of wafers. However, the method also results in damage to wafer features and such damage has been proposed to arise from transient, imploding cavities formed during megasonic processing. Transient cavitation is associated with the release of light, a phenomenon called sonoluminescence (SL) and the extent of damage has been shown to correlate with the intensity of SL. Control of sonoluminescence may therefore allow control of damage during megasonic processing of wafers. In this study, the ability of carbon dioxide to quench sonoluminescence generation in deionized water exposed to megasonic field of varying power density and duty cycle has been systematically investigated. It has been found that CO₂ is not only incapable but also a potent inhibitor of sonoluminescence, providing a potential means for selective alleviation of the violent effects of transient cavitation in process fluids. A novel chemical method has been established for in situ release of CO₂ from NH₄HCO₃ through a pH induced shift in the carbonic acid equilibria in deionized water. Using this method, a precisely controlled, progressive decrease in SL of air saturated deionized water through addition of NH₄HCO₃ has been demonstrated. It has been determined that 130 ppm of released CO₂ is sufficient for complete inhibition of sonoluminescence generated in air saturated deionized water.     

激光双截面转速波动法监测转轴动态扭矩

基于激光多普勒效应和转动动力学原理,提出一种直接监测转轴动态扭矩的新方法,并建立了数学模型。通过构造光学测试系统使4束高相干激光投射到转轴轴段两截面上4点,具有多普勒频移的反射光在光电探测器上发生混频,光电流频差正比于角速度。测得相邻时刻两截面的瞬时转速,得到轴段转速波动值及两端面相对转速波动值,进而实现转轴动态扭矩的直接监测。实验验证了该方法的可行性。与传统方法相比,该方法实时性强,具有较宽的动态范围,对动态扭矩的识别值提高了5%~10%,反映了转轴扭矩波动的动态特性。     

共振隧穿二极管电流密度-电压曲线数值计算中积分方法的改进

提出了一种基于黄金分割法和二分法寻查思想的一维积分来实现二维积分的方法,此方法能迅速而精确地计算ＲＴＤ电流密度－电压曲线适用于ＲＴＤ及其电路的计算机辅助设计。     

WCDMA系统中基于多普勒频移估计的信道估计方法

Rake接收机是CDMA系统抗多径的有效手段，信道估计对其性能有很大的影响。传统方法是利用连续多个时隙的导频段估计出的信道参数，再对估计值进行平均。这种固定平均的方法不适合3G系统信道变化范围大的环境。本文提出了直接利用每个导频段的信道参数的包络来估计最大多普勒频移，再运用指数平滑法来调整各被估计时隙的权值的信道估计方法。仿真结果表明，该方法能准确有效地估计出信道参数，改善系统性能。     

深空测距中可变带宽超窄带锁相环设计

采用超窄带锁相环是深空测距中提高微弱信号检测能力的有效手段,传统的模拟锁相环带宽范围有限且可靠性、稳定性差,数字锁相环则没有上述限制。介绍了一种数字超窄带锁相环的基本原理和环路结构,对其性能进行理论分析和计算机仿真。针对深空测距中存在的多普勒频偏,提出了数字锁相环变带宽的门限设定方法,完成了数字锁相环的FPGA设计与实现。     

一种电流反馈型三相无刷直流电机控制器

基于经典的闭环反馈控制理论和PWM理论在电机控制中的应用,设计了一种三相无刷直流电机控制器.该电路可实现对三相无刷直流电机的驱动和控制,具有功率电压高、驱动电流大、零点精确等优点,同时具有高边占空比100％可调和过流保护等功能,是一款真正的四象限扭矩电机控制器.     

基于中频模板信号的脉冲压缩性能分析

由雷达发射、接收系统导致的信号幅度、相位失真以及由目标径向速度导致的目标多普勒频率是影响脉冲压缩性能的三个主要因素。本文从理论上分析了这三个因素影响脉冲压缩性能的算法原理,通过仿真验证了它们的实际影响效果,对仿真中的情况进行解释说明,对相应指标要求进行了分析,并对在影响脉冲压缩性能的因素存在下的信号处理方法提出了实际的建议。     

Frontiers in NDE research nearing maturity for exploitation to ensure structural integrity of pressure retaining components

In this paper, research and developmental efforts that demonstrate high sensitivity detection and characterization of defects and assessment of microstructural degradation, residual stresses and fatigue damage in materials using different non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, have been discussed. Applications of eddy current techniques for quantitative defect characterization and for generalized applications, and remote field eddy current technique for inspection of steam generator and heat exchanger tubes have been discussed. Advanced ultrasonic methods such as time of flight diffraction, synthetic aperture focusing technique, phased array and signal processing for detection, characterization and imaging of defects have been discussed. Applications of ultrasonics and magnetic Barkhausen emission techniques for characterization of microstructures and residual stresses have been discussed. Applications of acoustic emission and infrared thermography techniques for weld quality evaluation of critical nuclear components as part of intelligent processing of materials (IPM) work have been discussed. Application of acoustic emission technique for integrity assessment of pressurized components has been discussed. Development of a software called assets and infrastructure management system (AIMS), for storing and retrieving information for various materials, components and systems, has also been highlighted. The techniques and applications discussed are result of systematic and innovative R&D efforts in the multidisciplinary areas of physics, materials, instrumentation, sensors and softwares for providing solutions to various challenging problems.