基于疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶制备无氟自清洁超疏水棉织物

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为硅源,水为溶剂,在表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作用下,通过溶胶-凝胶反应,并采用环境压力干燥法(APD)制备了超疏水二氧化硅气凝胶.将二氧化硅气凝胶粉和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)通过喷涂法整理到棉织物上,分别采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪对整理棉织物的结构、形貌和疏...     

二氧化硅气凝胶制备条件的选择

二氧化硅气凝胶是典型的纳米多孔轻质材料,由于具有独特的性能并在许多领域存在潜在的应用价值而受到广泛关注。本文从气凝胶制备过程中的硅源的选择、溶剂的选择、制备工艺的选择、催化剂等方面进行了研究,有利于确定常压干燥制备二氧化硅气凝胶的生产条件。     

Solar photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) using TiO2/SiO2 aerogel composite photocatalysts

Silica aerogels and TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts were synthesized by sol–gel technique at ambient pressure using orthosilioate and tetra-n-butyl titanate as precursors, respectively. The prepared composite photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET surface area, FT-IR and UV–vis absorption spectra. The results showed that the TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts possess high surface area. The addition of silica aerogels inhibited the grain growth and phase transformation of anatase to rutile during calcination. The TiO₂/silica aerogel composite sample calcined at 500 °C with an optimal silica aerogel content of 7 wt.% afforded the highest photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) was investigated by using this novel TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. The effects of irradiation time, pH, catalyst concentration, temperature and initial DNBP concentration were examined as operational parameters. The optimal operational parameters were found as follows: pH as solution pH 4.82, 8 g L⁻¹ catalyst concentration, 20 °C, and 240 min irradiation time. The kinetics of DNBP degradation by TiO₂/silica aerogel composite fit well a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was also tested. This study showed the feasible and potential use of TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts in degradation of toxic organic contaminants.     

Mn2O3/carbon aerogel microbead composites synthesized by in situ coating method for supercapacitors

A series of Mn₂O₃/carbon aerogel microbead (Mn₂O₃/CAMB) composites for supercapacitor electrodes have been synthesized by in situ encapsulation method. The structure and morphology of Mn₂O₃/CAMB are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical performances of the synthesized composites are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. All the composites with different Mn₂O₃ contents show higher specific capacitance than pure CAMB due to the pseudo-capacitance of the Mn₂O₃ particles dispersed on the surface of CAMB. The highest specific capacitance is up to 368.01 F g⁻¹ when 10 wt% Mn₂O₃ is coated on the surface of CAMB. Besides, 10%-Mn₂O₃/CAMB supercapacitor exhibits excellent cyclic stability, the specific capacitance still retains 90% of initial capacitance over 5000 cycles.     

Fluorinated γ-alumina aerogels and xerogels: characterisation and catalytic behaviour

The porosity of -alumina-based materials is an important parameter affecting the extent of fluorination (aerogels > commercial -Al₂O₃ > xerogels) and, consequently, also the textural, acidic and catalytic properties of the final fluorinated materials. Only the highly fiuorinated aluminas having strong Lewis acidic sites catalyse the isomerisation of CHF₂CHF₂ to CF₃CH₂F.     

Zirconia Nanoparticles Made in Spray Flames at High Production Rates

Synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) at high production rates is investigated. Product powder is collected continuously in a baghouse filter unit that is cleaned periodically by air-pressure shocks. Nitrogen adsorption (BET), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are used to characterize the product powder. The effect of powder production rate (up to 600 g/h), dispersion gas flow rate, and precursor concentration on product particle size, crystallinity, morphology, and purity is investigated. The primary particle size of zirconia is controlled from 6 to 35 nm, while the crystal structure consists of mostly tetragonal phase (80–95 wt%), with the balance monoclinic phase at all process conditions. The tetragonal crystal size is close to the primary particle size, which indicates weak agglomeration of single crystals.     

气凝胶工业常用仪表的选型与安装

针对气凝胶工业的生产工艺流程、介质特点和生产现场环境特点等,特定的工艺参数检测仪表的选型需要综合考虑被测介质温度、压力、流量、使用环境等因素,同时在安装和使用上还需要考虑其特点及环境因素影响,在生产过程中现场常用的几种检测仪表选型及安装时应该注意配合工艺流程进行防腐、防堵塞、抗干扰等考虑,现场仪表安装需考虑设备特点和介质流向。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化材料研究进展

综合评述了TiO2光催化材料的掺杂改性和大比表面积气凝胶制备和性能等方面的国内外研究进展。