水酶法提油过程中破乳方法研究进展

该文对水酶法提油过程中形成的乳状液稳定性及其影响因素进行分析,包括液滴粒径、ζ-电位、水解度和表面疏水性,以及这些因素在不同破乳过程中的变化.目前常用的破乳方法,主要分为物理法破乳、化学法破乳、酶法破乳以及复合破乳,该文阐述各种破乳方法的基本原理,以及乳状液的稳定性变化并举例说明.着重介绍酶法破乳的研究进展,并对该技术...     

The effects of ultrasonic time,temperature, size and polyether type on performances of magnetic flocculants for oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding treatment

In this study, several magnetic flocculants were synthesized by using polyether flocculants. The properties of the as-prepared products were characterized by performing a series of analysis. Further, oily wastewater treatment experiments were performed, and the effects of ultrasonic time, temperature, size of products, and type of polyether on the treatment efficiency were investigated. It was revealed that temperature played a major role, and more than 4 min of ultrasonic time was needed to achieve greater than 80% of oil removal. The magnetic flocculants having smaller size displayed better flocculation performance. Both magnetic flocculants with linear polyether coating and branch polyether coating had good flocculation performance.     

高浓度机械加工清洗废水预处理工艺研究

针对COD高达300 000 mg/L的机械加工清洗废水,采用破乳—热解—铁炭微电解—Fenton氧化联合工艺进行处理。研究结果表明:加入10 g/L的Al2(SO4)3破乳后,热解20 min的处理效果最好;铁炭微电解最佳条件为:维持p H至3.5,铁屑20 g/L,铁炭质量比为1∶1,反应时间4 h;Fenton氧化最佳条件为:维持p H至3.5,30%H2O2投加量为20 m L/L,反应时间4 h,再调节p H至9后沉淀,处理后废水COD可降为20 000 mg/L。     

一种新型膜法破乳技术

膜法破乳技术是材料科学与化工分离技术交叉而产生的一种分离技术 ,它广泛应用在石油工业中的原油脱水、采油废水、原油碱洗产生的乳化液 ,环境工业中含有机废水的处理 ,液液接触如萃取过程中形成的乳液或溶液夹带等方面 ,对破乳技术的研究是化工分离技术研究的重要课题。本文在总结传统破乳技术的基础上介绍了新型膜法破乳技术的研究进展 ,对膜法破乳技术进行了展望 ,提出了目前存在的问题。     

Application of Oil/Water Nanoemulsions as a New Alternative to Demulsify Crude Oil

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions were developed and evaluated for effectiveness in breaking down crude oil emulsions. The nanoemulsions were prepared using two types of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants: nonylphenol and lauryl ether, at a concentration of 12 wt%, and the solvent xylene as the oil phase, at different concentrations (5, 7, and 10 wt%). The results of the demulsification tests showed that the nanoemulsions developed are a viable alternative to break down petroleum emulsions, with efficiency ranging from 90 to 95%. Also, the greater the xylene concentration in the nanoemulsion, the faster the demulsification process was.     

印刷电路板显影废水处理研究

印刷电路板生产中产生的显影废水是一种高有机物含量、成分复杂、难以生化降解的废水.作者采用酸化破乳-铁炭微电解-中和沉淀-SBR组合工艺处理该废水,并通过实验确定最佳工艺参数：酸化破乳pH为3～4,破乳后出水进入铁炭微电解柱,V（铁）：V（炭）=1：1,反应时间为45min,出水加石灰乳调节pH为7～8,中和沉淀;SBR每12 h为一个周期,最佳反应时间为8 h.经组合工艺处理后,原废水CODCr由原来的11000 mg/L降至400 mg/L左右,去除率达到96%左右.     

Demulsification of oil-in-water emulsion under freezing conditions: Effect of crystal structure modifier

The demulsification of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions under freezing conditions is connected to fat crystallization in the oil droplet. Therefore, demulsification can be prevented by the use of oil with a low melting point, and also by lowering the O/W ratio. However, an oil with a low melting point, such as sunflower, is rather expensive, and the O/W ratio has a significant effect on the texture of emulsions. We searched for an oil that is suitable for the production of a freeze-stable emulsion and found that soybean oil has unique characteristics. Normally, emulsions are more unstable at lower temperatures; soybean oil emulsion is unstable at −10°C and stable at −20°C. This unique characteristic results from the following two reasons. First, the solid fat content of soybean oil is almost the same at −10 and −20°C. Second, small crystals form a larger network over a period of time, and the higher temperature promotes faster restructuring. This structure formation was microscopically observed with the use of a thermostated stage. Structure formation was suppressed with the addition of a crystal structure modifier, polyglycerol fatty acid full ester, which also suppressed coalescence.     

辛醇碱性废水酸化汽提处理技术探讨

大庆石化公司丁辛醇装置产生的碱性废水中,COD浓度高达50000mg/L。目前工业上还没有较好途径将废水中COD降解到排放标准,必须特殊工艺经稀释后,才能送给化工污水处理厂。文中阐述了辛醇碱性废水酸化汽提处理技术的实验过程及处理效果。     

Gemini Surfactant as a New “Green” Demulsifier for Treating Oilfield Emulsions

Abstract

Surface tension and interfacial tension (IFT) were the key factors asso- ciated with the stability of crude oil emulsion. Investigation of interfacial tension behavior related with the demulsification of crude oil emulsions can have a great impact on the development of crude oil demulsification processes and products. This article presents the surface and interface behaviors of Gemini surfactants (12-2-12, (12)-2-(12), (14)-2-(14)). The results indicated that (12)-2-(12) could exhibit higher surface and interface active properties. The demulsification efficiency and related factors were also discussed. It showed that as an environmentally friendly and safer demulsifier, Gemini surfactant could exhibit better demulsification efficiency.     

Microwave Demulsification in Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil

Emulsification is an undesired phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali-washing electro-refining. In this article, a novel microwave method is applied for demulsification in the removing of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of interface zeta-potential and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results exhibited that the demulsification rate is maximized when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure for Anshan and Liaohe diesel oil are deemed to be 375 W, 5/6 min and 0.05 MPa, respectively.