Energy efficiency, carbon emissions and economic development in Venezuela

Venezuela's vast natural resource base has largely shaped the nation's economic and energy-use patterns. Major opportunities exist for improving the efficiency of energy use in Venezuela and, consequently, restraining the growth of energy-related carbon emissions. This paper presents a detailed report of one potential development path for Venezuela and estimates the ensuing levels of energy demand and CO₂ emissions associated with pursuing this path through the year 2025. The results indicate that by adopting a development strategy that incorporates structural changes in the economy, fuel-switching measures and improved end-use efficiencies, Venezuela can introduce energy efficiency and carbon restraints as part of its economic development process.     

Policies to reduce energy use and carbon emissions in the UK

The UK differs from may other industrialized nations in that its carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from energy use have declined in recent years despite relatively rapid economic growth. In all sectors but transport, substantial reductions have already occurred in the level of carbon emissions per unit of GDP output. At the same time, a number of official and unofficial studies have pointed out that the UK has one of the largest remaining potentials amongst comparable industrialized countries for achieving further CO₂ reductions through the implementation of cost-effective energy efficiency and fuel switching measures. This paper discusses past and present patterns of energy use and carbons emissions in the UK. The analysis then examines historical trends in UK energy policy and presents policy options for further reducing the UK's energy-use and carbon emissions in the future.     

Transport and energy in developing countries

The author examines the transport energy consumption of developing countries and compares it with that of developed countries. These figures are found to suggest considerable scope for transport energy savings. Given the need for improved energy efficiency, the author moves on to consider transport in the context of the wider economy. Four broad policy approaches which can affect transport energy consumption are identified — information and training programmes, subsidies; pricing and tax policies; and administrative regulations. The author's primary conclusion is that the energy price changes of the last decade do not hold revolutionary implications for the transport sector. There remains, however, a need to improve efficiency in this sector.     

基于校园门户网站新闻通知推送服务的研究

针对校园门户网站新闻通知不到位,存在缺陷,利用率低,服务效率低的现状,研究未来可以提升的优势以及展望未来发展方向。并着重考虑了在非网络环境下,以简单快速为目的把校园新闻,校园公告传送给每位老师的设计思路。为校园门户网站运行提高效率的部分技术提出一种可行务实的解决方案。     

基于高能效及公平性的移动设备定位算法

通过分析校园师生基于GPS的真实活动轨迹,以及何种算法才最适合具有自私性的移动用户展开合作,提出一种高能效及用户公平定位技术.通过采用代理设备合作思想,提出一种集中式最优算法,在保证固定精度界限和设备公平的基础上,实现移动设备GPS时间平均功率最小化.通过控制退避时间和GPS关闭时间,提出一种分布式准最优算法.最后,基于多种拓扑结构进行全面的仿真实验,验证了算法的高能效性和公平性.     

网络机房制冷效率研究

根据相关的调查显示,在传统观念和设计标准的影响下,网络机房存在各种各样的设计缺陷,其中的一些缺陷会导致网络机房内部空间形成热点、降低制冷容错能力、制冷效率和制冷量,从而提高运行成本。网络机房的制冷效率和运行成本的大幅提高成为制约发展的重要因素。文章从网络机房面临的实际问题出发,有针对性地分析了机房设计的典型错误,阐述了其原理和影响,并根据实践经验,介绍了一些简单可行的解决方案。     

A data collection protocol for real-time sensor applications

The nature of many sensor applications as well as continuously changing sensor data often imposes real-time requirements on wireless sensor network protocols. Due to numerous design constraints, such as limited bandwidth, memory and energy of sensor platforms, and packet collisions that can potentially lead to an unbounded number of retransmissions, timeliness techniques designed for real-time systems and real-time databases cannot be applied directly to wireless sensor networks. Our objective is to design a protocol for sensor applications that require periodic collection of raw data reports from the entire network in a timely manner. We formulate the problem as a graph coloring problem. We then present TIGRA (Timely Sensor Data Collection using Distributed Graph Coloring) — a distributed heuristic for graph coloring that takes into account application semantics and special characteristics of sensor networks. TIGRA ensures that no interference occurs and spatial channel reuse is maximized by assigning a specific time slot for each node. Although the end-to-end delay incurred by sensor data collection largely depends on a specific topology, platform, and application, TIGRA provides a transmission schedule that guarantees a deterministic delay on sensor data collection.     

齐次等式约束线性回归模型条件根方估计的效率

对齐次等式约束线性回归模型回归系数的约束最小二乘估计提出改进,引入一种估计的相对效率,证明在一定条件下,狭义条件根方估计、广义条件根方估计的效率均高于约束最小二乘估计的效率．