Effect of Calcium Lactate, 4-Hexyl Resorcinol and Vacuum Packing on Physico-chemical, Sensory and Microbiological Qualities of Minimally Processed Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits are very susceptible to pericarp browning which adversely affects consumer acceptability even though the aril portion remains in excellent condition. Litchi arils (litchis) were treated with a solution containing 0–2% (w/v) calcium lactate (CL), 0–0.02% (w/v) 4‐hexyl resorcinol (4‐HR) and 1% potassium sorbate. The pH of solution was adjusted to 4.0 with citric acid. Treated litchis were packed in polystyrene trays, over‐wrapped with polypropylene film, vacuum‐packed (0, 47409.3, 94831.9 Pa) and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. Drip losses, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), sensory attributes and microbiological quality of stored samples were estimated. A four‐factor, three‐level experimental design (D₆ Hokes design) with 19 experiments was chosen. Mathematical models were developed to analyse and predict the effect of CL, 4‐HR, in‐package vacuum and storage time on the responses. TSS, pH and sensory scores decreased significantly (P 0.01), whereas drip losses and microbial count increased significantly (P 0.01) with time. Drip loss was significantly (P 0.1) reduced by addition of CL. 4‐HR prevented browning and changes in colour score during storage were significantly less. Vacuum in packages exerted significant (P 0.01) effect over pH, TSS, sensory and microbiological qualities of minimally processed litchis.     

A Review of the Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms to 2D Strip Packing Problems

This paper is a review of the approachesdeveloped to solve 2D packing problems withmeta-heuristic algorithms. As packing tasks arecombinatorial problems with very large searchspaces, the recent literature encourages theuse of meta-heuristic search methods, inparticular genetic algorithms. The objective ofthis paper is to present and categorise thesolution approaches in the literature for 2Dregular and irregular strip packing problems.The focus is hereby on the analysis of themethods involving genetic algorithms. Anoverview of the methods applying othermeta-heuristic algorithms including simulatedannealing, tabu search, and artificial neuralnetworks is also given.     

Synthesis and characterisation of alumina pillared Texas montmorillonite and determination of the effective Keggin ion charge

Controlled calcination of Texas montmorillonite has allowed production of a range of materials of cation exchange capacity from 70 mequiv./100 g dry clay to virtually zero. Pillaring of these with Chlorhydrol precursor solution has then provided a family of materials of pillar density ranging from about one per six unit cells to zero. The analytical technique based on isomorphous metal dilution (IMD) that follows pillaring is validated. The results provide a consistent value for the precursor (Keggin) ion charge, in the conditions normally used, of 3.15±0.10 rather than the formal value of 7. An approach to the attainment of pillar densities consistent with the introduction of shape/size selectivity on pillared layered materials is outlined.     

感应加热高强度包装钢带生产线及工艺技术特点

介绍了唐山钢铁集团有限公司建的国内第一条感应加热高强度包装钢带生产线主要设备及技术工艺特点。     

无机/有机纳米复合聚酯材料——技术开发和应用市场

层状硅酸盐经过有机化相容处理后,通过聚合插层法或熔体插层法将无机层状硅酸盐与聚酯复合,形成新的层状硅酸盐聚酯纳米复合材料。纳米聚酯的种类包括属于饱和聚酯的PET、PBT、PTT、PCT、PC、PLA及属于不饱和聚酯的各种配方。纳米聚酯材料在塑料、包装、纤维、农业等领域的诸多应用,如塑料啤酒瓶、PET工程塑料、抗茵纤维、回收再生料、纳米PC塑料、抗菌不饱和树脂制品等,使其具有巨大的开发应用价值。     

规整填料在5 Mt/a常减压装置减压塔提馏段中的应用

介绍了新型规整填料Zugrid 64 X和Zupak125 Y在中国石油兰州石化分公司5 Mt/a常减压装置减压塔提馏段的工业应用情况.运行结果表明,新型规整填料具有明显的节能降耗优势,分离效果好,渣油中500 ℃以下的馏分质量分数仅为2.58%,且蒸汽用量较低[m(蒸汽)/m(渣油)为9 kg/t],操作成本低,抗堵塞性能良好.     

套管灌钻井液解卡装置的研制与应用

针对钻井过程中下套管作业时需经常给套管柱灌注钻井液和下套管遇阻遇卡难以解阻解卡的问题,研制开发了套管灌钻井液解卡装置。该装置主要由钻杆接头、胶封总成、阀总成、引导管总成4部分组成。其中胶封总成用于下套管遇阻或遇卡时,封住套管管口,向管柱内注入压力钻井液,通过钻井液循环达到解阻和解卡的目的。阀总成主要由开启单向阀和释放单向阀组成,开启单向阀用于向管柱内灌钻井液和停止灌钻井液时能迅速封住管口;释放单向阀用于释放管柱内的压力使装置顺利从套管中提出。使用该装置可有效地解决套管自动灌钻井液和遇阻解阻的问题,大大提高钻井实效,保证下套管的质量。     

适于ATM的分层视频编码

ＡＴＭ的统计复用特性，使信道资源得到充分利用；同时又要求其上的业务必须具备抗信元丢失的能力。在视频编码领域，可以通过分层编码减少信元丢失所造成的影响，保证在恶劣条件下实现正常的通信。对一种通用的视频编码器进行了改进，提高了视频编码器的压缩比，并且改善了其信元丢失性能。     

IaaS云中面向能源效率优化的虚拟机调度算法(英文)

In IaaS Cloud,different mapping relationships between virtual machines(VMs) and physical machines(PMs) cause different resource utilization,so how to place VMs on PMs to reduce energy consumption is becoming one of the major concerns for cloud providers.The existing VM scheduling schemes propose optimize PMs or network resources utilization,but few of them attempt to improve the energy efficiency of these two kinds of resources simultaneously.This paper proposes a VM scheduling scheme meeting multiple resource constraints,such as the physical server size(CPU,memory,storage,bandwidth,etc.) and network link capacity to reduce both the numbers of active PMs and network elements so as to finally reduce energy consumption.Since VM scheduling problem is abstracted as a combination of bin packing problem and quadratic assignment problem,which is also known as a classic combinatorial optimization and NP-hard problem.Accordingly,we design a twostage heuristic algorithm to solve the issue,and the simulations show that our solution outperforms the existing PM- or network-only optimization solutions.     

扩底桩在层状软土地基中的工程实践

根据福州地区层状软土地基中,利用薄硬夹层作为扩底桩持力层的工程实践,对其工作机理、计算方法与经济效果等问题进行探讨。