Novel preparation approach with a 2-step process for spherical particles with high drug loading and controlled size distribution using melt granulation: MALCORE®

A novel approach for preparing drug-containing particles (DCPs) with controlled size distribution and high drug loading was developed using melt granulation. This approach comprises two steps. First, melting component adsorbed particles (MAs) were prepared by mixing and heating the melting components with a porous carrier using a high shear granulator. Second, DCPs were prepared by layering the drug on MAs using a fluidized bed rotor granulator. The time taken for both steps was within 30 min. Adding the polymer in the second step remarkably increased the viscosity of the mixture of melting components and the polymer. Therefore, DCPs could be successfully loaded with a high amount of drug (70% w/w). The particle size distribution of the DCPs was narrow, and it depended on that of the MAs. The flowability of the DCPs was excellent, and the sphericity was close to 1. A unique particle formulation mechanism was suggested based on the observation of DCPs using scanning electron microscopy. The manufacturing time and DCP characteristics were not affected by the manufacturing scale. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a highly efficient novel approach for preparing optimal DCPs through melt granulation, named “Melt Adsorption and Layering with Porosity Core” (MALCORE®).     

可门电厂烟气脱硫吸收塔结构计算分析

通过有限元方法,对可门电厂烟气脱硫吸收塔进行结构计算分析。首先得到了塔体的振型、周期等自振特性,然后分析了塔体以及主要构件在各种荷载作用下的应力和变形,最后讨论了吸收塔塔体、构件及设计构造等。文中方法与结果可为类似工程借鉴。     

基于修正Masing准则的萧山软黏土动应力-应变关系研究

地震、波浪、交通等不排水循环荷载的作用将引起土体孔隙水压力上升,从而使土体的刚度、强度发生软化现象,以往对软粘土动应力-应变关系的研究大都忽略循环软化的影响。采用Masing准则及其修正来描述软黏土的动应力-应变关系往往与实际偏差较大,主要是因为该准则未能考虑软黏土的循环软化特性。通过对萧山软黏土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验,研究循环次数、循环应力、偏应力对萧山软黏土的循环软化特性的影响。通过对每次循环中的刚度进行无量纲化得到量纲一的刚度Gsec/Gmax与循环应变幅值εs的关系曲线。研究结果表明,当循环应力较小时,Gsec/Gmax-εs曲线由硬化及软化两部分组成;当循环应力大于58kPa时,该曲线仅表现为软化特性。在试验基础上得到量纲一的刚度软化模型,该模型可体现每次循环过程中的刚度软化规律。同时,基于修正的Masing准则,结合循环软化模型,得到考虑循环软化特性的萧山软黏土动应力-应变关系曲线。     

Behaviour of eccentrically loaded high-strength rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns

This paper presents an experimental and analytical study of the behaviour of high-strength rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) columns subjected to eccentric loading. Four slender and 16 stub CFT columns were tested to investigate their structural behaviour. The test parameters were material strengths (), cross-sectional aspect ratio (1.0-2.0), slenderness ratio (10 and 60) and load eccentricity ratio (e/H=0.10-0.42). Favourable ductility performance was observed for all specimens during the tests. Experimental failure loads are employed to calibrate the specifications in the design codes EC4, ACI and AISC. Results show that EC4 overestimates the failure loads of the specimens by 4%. ACI and AISC conservatively predict the failure loads by 14% and 24%, respectively. An analytical model is developed to predict the behaviour of high-strength rectangular CFT columns subjected to eccentric loading. Calibration of the model against the test results shows that it closely estimates the ultimate capacities of the columns by 3%.     

衢州安居工程四期地基承载力试验研究

《建筑地基基础设计规范》GB5 0 0 0 7— 2 0 0 2取消了有关承载力表的条文和附录。为配合新规范的实施 ,本文结合浙西衢州市安居工程四期地基静载荷试验结果 ,因地制宜地开展地区地基承载力的研究 ,为区域性地基承载力选择提供参考。     

斜截面抗剪强度的计算和最小配箍率的变化

钢筋混凝土结构设计规范从20世纪70年代初到现在,已经作了三次大的调整和修改。这里分别对三本钢筋混凝土结构设计规范的受弯构件斜截面抗剪强度的计算公式和最小配箍率的变化进行分析比较。每一次钢筋混凝土结构设计规范的修订,都更加符合国内钢筋混凝土的发展。     

Separation of physical loading from photosynthesis/respiration processes in rivers by mass balance

Diurnal variations in physical and chemical concentrations, including nutrients, are observed in river ecosystems. Understanding these cycles and separating the effects of physical loading (from point and non-point sources) and biogeochemical processes are necessary for water management and the TMDL process. A chloride mass balance approach is used to separate the relative influences of physical loading and biogeochemical processes in the Bow River through Calgary, Canada, which has a significant influence on the river water chemistry. Sampling campaigns were conducted in December 2005, when minimal photosynthesis and respiration occur, and in July 2006, when river discharge is high and some photosynthesis and respiration activity is present. Samples in each campaign were collected at point source input and output along the river reach through the city every hour for a 24-hour period, allowing for time of travel. The two wastewater treatment facilities within the city contributed the majority of physical mass loading to the river, with temporal variations in effluent discharge, chloride, and nutrient concentrations. Wastewater effluent chloride to nutrient (as well as other parameter relationships) concentrations also varied diurnally. An hourly chloride mass balance was achieved, within 0.5% (average, S.D.=4.4) for December and 7.7% (average, S.D.=4.2) for July, between estimated cumulative sum values from all inputs and measured values at the river output downgradient of the city, allowing for the investigation of other parameter conservativeness. Some slight diurnal variations associated with photosynthesis and respiration were observed even with limited productivity in the river. Nitrate mass fluxes appeared to be most strongly influenced by photosynthesis and respiration processes, with phosphate being less influenced. Ammonia mass fluxes appeared to be most strongly influenced by wastewater effluent loading. Physical loading can mask or enhance biogeochemical diurnal fluctuations, creating errors in river process interpretations. Chloride was a useful tracer in the mass balance to distinguish between and assist in separating physical loading and biogeochemical processes in the river.     

幕墙中埋件节点类型探讨

对幕墙结构中常见的8种钢结构埋件节点以及不同节点连接形式的受力特点进行了介绍和分析,探讨了节点的工作机理、力学性能和优缺点。说明所列举的不同构造形式的埋件节点均满足实际工程中不同连接形式的需要,为工程设计中应用提供了有益的参考,同时针对埋件节点的工程设计提出了一些建议。     

Stability analysis of simply-supported rectangular plates under non-uniform uniaxial compression using rigorous and approximate plane stress solutions

The non-classical problem of buckling of a simply-supported rectangular plate due to various types of non-uniform compressive edge loads is analysed here. For each case, the elasticity solution for the internal in-plane stress field is obtained rigorously using a superposition of Airy's stress functions and also approximately using extended Kantorovich method. Subsequently, the convergent buckling loads are obtained using Galerkin's method. Results are presented to highlight the dependence of the total buckling load and the corresponding buckled shape on the edge load distribution, as well as to illustrate the applicability of the approximate plane stress solutions.     

A new approach for simulating aerodynamic vibrations of structures in a wind tunnel—development of an experimental system by means of hybrid vibration technique

The present paper describes a newly proposed technique for simulating aerodynamic vibration of structures, which is referred to as the hybrid vibration technique or HVT. This technique is a combination of step-by-step computer calculation and measurement of the aerodynamic force acting on a model structure in a wind tunnel test. Even though the HVT can be applied effectively, problems still exist with respect to obtaining accurate simulations. These problems include response delay in controlling the model behavior and the inertia force component present in the measured aerodynamic force. Techniques for compensating for response delay and for eliminating inertia force from measured aerodynamic force are applied to a developed system based on HVT simulations of aerodynamic vibration of elastic structures and structures exhibiting elasto-plastic behavior are performed by means of the newly developed system. The effectiveness of the techniques for compensating for the response delay and eliminating the inertia force can be confirmed from the results of the simulations. In addition, the possibility and applicability of HVT is indicated.