Ischemia‐reperfusion injury. A phenomenon,that also occurs in the bone

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury of the bone occurs due to traumatic and non‐traumatic alterations affecting blood supply to the bone. It is likely to occur also upon insertion of an implant. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury of the bone has been studied by interruption of blood supply in situ, in limb replantation/transplantation models, in revascularized bone grafts and non‐vascularized bone fragments, as well as in isolated cultured cells. All cells of the bone are affected, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and bone marrow cells. Critical ischemia times for induction of bone cell death, either in the ischemic period or following reperfusion, are in the range of 3 to 7 h. These critical ischemia times are significantly increased by decreasing the temperature from 37 °C to 0–4 °C. Anoxia is the most likely trigger of cell injury in the ischemic phase. In the reperfusion phase, reactive oxygen species are decisively involved in the injurious process. In general, however, the available information on the mechanism of ischemia‐reperfusion injury of the bone is relatively sparse. On the other hand, there are clear similarities to the mechanisms of ischemia‐reperfusion injury known from other organs, and there is a clear potential for protection against ischemia‐reperfusion injury of the bone.     

A new voltage control equipment using fuzzy inference

Power system control equipment needs higher sensitivity and operational reliability. Advanced voltage control equipment is needed for reducing the frequency of tap changes and improving the characteristics (the relationship between the actual voltage and reference voltage) of the voltage to meet today's power system requirements. However, these objectives are in a trade-off relationship. Studies of voltage control derived from a knowledge base suitable for electric power systems can satisfy these objectives using fuzzy inference. Compared with corresponding conventional equipment, the new equipment improved the deviation of 30 min average voltage of 30 percent. This paper describes the design concept of new voltage control equipment using fuzzy inference. In addition, field test results are described along with rules of fuzzy inference, membership functions, and the deviation of 30 min average voltage through detailed simulation.     

首钢中厚板轧钢厂SVC无功补偿系统

简述了首钢中厚板轧钢厂SVC供电系统无功补偿的基本原理和功能，介绍了SVC系统的组成、技术特点及实际应用效果。     

基于三点工况下的无源滤波器组优化设计

无源滤波器组的参数设计通常均针对系统单一工况(通常为最大工况)进行。当系统运行在其他工况时,有可能无论退出哪一组滤波器的运行均无法同时满足系统的无功补偿和谐波治理要求。为此基于系统的3种典型工况(最大、平均和最小工况)对无源滤波器组进行优化设计,确定合理参数,以在最小的投资费用下达到谐波治理与无功补偿的最优匹配。算例结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

轴与轴承约束反力的分析

轴与轴承之间的相对运动状态不同,约束反力的表示和分析是不同的。本文分别两种不同的相对运动状态,对轴与轴承的约束反力进行了分析,提出了轴与轴承处于相对滑动状态时约束反力的表示和分析方法。     

基于有源滤波器的无功电流补偿

根据三相电路瞬时无功功率理论,推导出谐波电流的计算方法,进而提出有源滤波器抑制谐波的原理并介绍了其优越性。     

10 kV配电线路远距离无功补偿

分析了配电线路采用并联高压电容器实现无功补偿的传统方法中,因电容器不能随负荷的变化自动投切而引起的一系列问题。针对存在的问题,提出了一种尤其适合于远距离配电线路的新型无功补偿系统。介绍了该系统的结构和功能,以应用实例说明效果良好。     

长岛海缆和风电场对末端电压的影响与解决方案

风电场实际发电量受来风的影响从零至最大发电量之间变化,使风电场与主网连接点的电压变动率很大。长岛风电场通过110kV海缆与大陆主电网连接,由于电缆的电容电感分布参数加剧了电压的变化。当主网往风电场送电并且输送的无功较小时需要补偿感性无功以补充电缆的充电电容,而风电场往主网送电时在风电场处需补偿容性无功。     

零无功滤波器的设计与工程应用

针对目前部分末端用户负荷功率因数较高,而谐波严重的情况,研究设计了一种新的电路,使滤波器运行时输出无功较小,对于特定的谐波其阻抗接近于零,因此达到滤波的目的,并将该技术首次应用于温州文成钢厂的实际工程中,效果良好。     

广东电网电压无功运行管理现状分析及建议

针对2009年广东电网无功电压运行的实际情况,分析了广东省无功分层分区平衡、电压运行、无功功率补偿设备、变电站电压无功控制和区域电压自动控制的现状;总结电压无功运行中存在的问题,并提出应对措施和建议;从动态无功功率补偿、无功功率补偿技术改造、无功电压技术监督管理专项检查和无功电压专题分析和策略方面对广东省的无功电压重点工作提出了建议。