Novel (Phenothiazinyl)Vinyl-Pyridinium Dyes and Their Potential Applications as Cellular Staining Agents

We report here the synthesis and structural characterization of novel cationic (phenothiazinyl)vinyl-pyridinium (PVP) dyes, together with optical (absorption/emission) properties and their potential applicability as fluorescent labels. Convective heating, ultrasound irradiation and mechanochemical synthesis were considered as alternative synthetic methodologies proficient for overcoming drawbacks such as long reaction time, nonsatisfactory yields or solvent requirements in the synthesis of novel dye (E)-1-(3-chloropropyl)-4-(2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide 3d and its N-alkyl-2-methylpyridinium precursor 1c. The trans geometry of the newly synthesized (E)-4-(2-(7-bromo-10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide 3b and (E)-1-methyl-4-(2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate 3a′ was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A negative solvatochromism of the dyes in polar solvents was highlighted by UV-Vis spectroscopy and explanatory insights were supported by molecular modeling which suggested a better stabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO). The photostability of the dye 3b was investigated by irradiation at 365 nm in different solvents, while the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of dye 3b and 3a′ in solid state were evaluated under one-photon excitation at 485 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the new PVP dyes on B16-F10 melanoma cells was evaluated by WST-1 assay, while their intracellular localization was assessed by epi-fluorescence conventional microscopy imaging as well as one- and two-photon excited confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). PVP dyes displayed low cytotoxicity, good internalization inside melanoma cells and intense fluorescence emission inside the B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, making them suitable staining agents for imaging applications.     

尖晶石型铁酸镉纳米粉体的超声化学法合成

超声波辐射下前驱体法合成了纳米铁酸镉（CdFe2O4）粉末。以硝酸镉、硝酸铁和脲为原料用超声化学法制得前驱体，再在950℃焙烧15h，得到平均粒径约56nm的铁酸镉粉末。得到的纳米铁酸镉粉末用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶转换红外光谱（FT—IR）进行表征并得到确认，用样品振动磁强计（VSM）对其磁学参数进行了测定。     

超声波法制备纳米粉体工艺

本文阐述了超声波和超声化学的基本原理；讨论了超声化学法在纳米粉体材料制备中的应用；展望超声技术在纳米氧化铁制备中的应用前景。     

高纯ZnAl_2O_4纳米颗粒的制备及其微结构分析

将机械力化学与超声波化学相结合制备出高纯度、结晶性良好的尖晶石型ZnAl_2O_4纳米颗粒。分析了样品的表面形貌、晶体结构及微观结构。研究结果表明:当焙烧温度为600~900℃时,ZnO与γ-Al_2O_3固相反应制备出高纯度、结晶性良好的尖晶石型ZnAl_2O_4纳米颗粒。随着焙烧温度的升高,材料的致密度增大,结晶度提高,平均孔径依次增大,比表面积明显下降,孔隙率降低。     

超声波法制备高岭石插层复合物

用超声波法制备了高岭石插层复合物.利用红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析了不同产地高岭石结构的差异、插层效果以及它们之间的关系.比较了不同类型插层剂与高岭石的插层产物、插层效果及插层机理.结果表明:相同条件下,多水高岭石(埃洛石)和结构压力大的管状高岭石比普通高岭石更易于插层.在60℃,3 h,超声波条件下,将高岭石/二甲基亚砜(dimethylsulphoxide,DMSO)作为媒介,采用两步插层法快速制备高岭石/乙醇前驱体,但DMSO的插层率优于乙醇的.甲醇钠与苏州高岭石作用后,使部分苏州土片层间剥离.     

超声化学法合成纳米羟基磷灰石粉体的研究

以Ca(NO3)2和(NH4)2HPO4为原料,应用超声化学法制备得到了尺寸约20nm×120nm、分散性良好的针状羟基磷灰石(HAp)纳米粉体.对比研究了超声化学法与传统的化学沉淀法对HAp粉体的结晶性能、Ca/P摩尔比和产率的影响.研究表明,与传统的化学沉淀法相比,超声化学法可以在较短的时间内显著地提高纳米HAp的合成效率、结晶度、Ca/P摩尔比和产率.     

Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁的制备和性能

用超声化学法制备纳米Fe颗粒包覆的Nd2Fe14B复合粉体,将其在Ar气保护下经放电等离子烧结(SPS),得到Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米晶复合磁体.Fe名义质量分数为5%的烧结磁体具有较高的磁性能:Br=0.86 T,Hci=683.8 kA/m,(BH)max=95.92 kJ/m3.烧结前对复合粉末进行适当的高能球磨,能促进显微组织进一步细化,增强软磁相与硬磁相之间的交换耦合,使相同Fe含量和烧结工艺的磁体Br和(BH)max分别提高到0.94 T和113.6 kJ/m3.     

炼油污水超声深度处理初步研究

利用超声波对炼油污水的深度处理进行了初步研究。采用低频超声波,通过设计正交实验方案,研究了工艺参数对处理效果的影响。结果表明,超声处理对炼油污水COD的降解有明显的效果,在超声功率50 W,通气处理15 m in下,降解率可达58.2%。超声处理炼油污水由于伴随着废水中其他悬浮物和固体颗粒的分解作用,废水中的COD质量分数随处理时间波动。通气和调节酸碱度对于超声处理废水的有机物降解有辅助作用。     

超声换能器位置对碘化钾溶液碘释放影响的研究

本文用碘化钾溶液作为样品对双超声在同向,正交,相向辐射时溶液中碘释放进行了初步研究。结果表明;双频超声辐射效果比单频辐射好,同向超声辐射要比正交,相向效果好,它显示出声化学产额与换能器的位置有关,并对此现象予以分析解释。