Synfuel development impacts— econometric modelling and policy analysis

The prospects for rapid near-term development of a synfuel industry in the USA have decreased, due to depressed world oil prices, synfuel project cost overruns, and the lukewarm support of the Reagan administration. Nonetheless, socioeconomic and environmental impact analysis studies can provide valuable information for determining the regional welfare effects of proposed projects. The author discusses the results of a regional econometric analysis of the synfuel projects planned for Western Kentucky, which focuses on environmental impacts, and reveals the inevitable trade-offs that would accompany synfuel development. Some policy issues are briefly reviewed, especially that of efficient energy pricing.     

A new alloy design concept for austenitic stainless steel with tungsten modification for bipolar plate application in PEMFC

The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the principle of ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is critically evaluated for the development of metallic bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). An austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is modified with W and La to improve the stability of the passive film in an acidic environment as well as to reduce the contact resistance by the tungsten bronze effect. The experimental ASS containing W and La was evaluated in a simulated PEMFC environment of H₃PO₄ and H₂SO₄ solutions at 80 °C, and the electrical property was evaluated by performing a contact resistance test. The test results show that the ASS modified with W and La has good passive film stability for corrosion resistance and low contact resistance. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis clearly suggests the possibility of the tungsten bronze effect from the change in valency state of W⁶⁺ to W⁵⁺ in the passive film formed on the modified ASS. The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is well demonstrated; however, more study is highly required for the development of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFC.     

水煤浆添加剂的研究进展

随着世界原油资源的日渐减少及燃煤污染的日趋严重，水煤浆作为一种新型的环保型煤基流体燃料日益受到人们的重视。从70年代至今，国内外学都研究过多种添加剂，目前制浆用添加剂主要分为阴离子表面活性和非离子表面活性剂两大类，但高效、价廉、适用性广的添加剂为数并不多。     

Electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether on Pt/C and PtMe/C catalysts in sulfuric acid

The electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on PtMe/Cs (Me = Ru, Sn, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, and W) and Pt/C electro-catalysts were investigated in an aqueous half-cell, and compared to the methanol oxidation. The addition of a second metal enhanced the tolerance of Pt to the poisonous species during the DME oxidation reaction (DOR). The PtRu/C electro-catalyst showed the best electro-catalytic activity and the highest tolerance to the poisonous species in the low over-potential range (<0.55 V, 50 °C) among the binary electro-catalysts and the Pt/C, but at the higher potential (>ca. 0.55 V, 50 °C), the Pt/C behaved better than PtRu/C. The apparent activation energy for the DOR decreased in the order: PtRu/C (57 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (48 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ Pt/C (46 kJ mol⁻¹). On the other hand, the activation energy for the MOR showed a different turn, decreased in the following order: Pt/C (43 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (35 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ PtRu/C (34 kJ mol⁻¹). The temperature dependence of the DOR was greater than that of the oxidation of methanol (MOR) on the PtRu/C.     

高浓度煤粉燃烧时炉内结渣的机理分析

在分析煤粉炉结渣过程及其机理的基础上，对高浓度煤粉燃烧时易导致结渣的主要特性进行了探讨，表明还原性气氛的出现和煤粉浓缩时富铁颗粒的富集有导致和促进结渣的作用；提出了一些防止和减轻结渣的必要措施     

燃料油硫含量分析准确度影响因素的探讨

研究了硫含量测定的影响因素，探讨了提高汽油中硫含量分析准确度的主要措施．试验结果表明：通过选取适宜的取样量，合适的灯芯疏密、粗细程度和灯芯位置高度及灯芯管内径，调节气流的大小，控制好火焰的形状和大小，可使燃料油中硫含量分析的准确度得到显著提高。     

Development of Measurement Facilities for Analyzing Petroleum Products

The question of developing measurement provisions for the parameters of petroleum products is considered. The main technical features of a KLAN-1 mobile laboratory unit for analyzing petroleum products intended for rapid analysis of fuel and lubricating materials in storage and on sale are provided.     

2号高炉进风面积的调节

叙述了武钢2号高炉针对原燃料条件变化进行进风面积的调整及调整效果，并对其原因进行了分析。     

汽车空气流量传感技术现状与发展趋势

电喷系统是汽车的核心控制系统,它以空气流量传感器测量获得的进气量为依据确定喷油量与点火时间,从而使得燃料燃烧在理论空燃比附近,以实现更好的安全性、经济性、动力性以及更低的废气排放。因此,进气量的精确测量对汽车电喷系统具有非常重要的意义。介绍了汽车电喷系统空气流量传感技术的现状、存在的问题及发展趋势,并提出了一种采用平行平板电容原理结合涡街原理的传感方式。     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)用γ-LiAlO_2粉末的制备

本文简介了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)及其优点;叙述了合成LiAlO_2的方法,用Al_2O_3(a,γ)成功地制得了稳定的适合于MCFC用的γ-LiAlO_2,在MCFC工作温度(923K)下,β-LiAlO_2是不稳定的;973-1073K时,β-LiAlO_2向γ-LiAlO_2转变速度明显增大;a-LiAlO_2要在1073K以上转变为γ-LiAlO_2.