Comparison of approaches based on optimization and algebraic iteration for binary tomography

Binary tomography represents a special category of tomographic problems, in which only two values are possible for the sought image pixels. The binary nature of the problems can potentially lead to a significant reduction in the number of view angles required for a satisfactory reconstruction, thusly enabling many interesting applications. However, the limited view angles result in a severely underdetermined system of equations, which is challenging to solve. Various approaches have been proposed to address such a challenge, and two categories of approaches include those based on optimization and those based on algebraic iteration. However, the relative strengths, limitations, and applicable ranges of these approaches have not been clearly defined in the past. Therefore, it is the main objective of this work to conduct a systematic comparison of approaches from each category. This comparison suggested that the approaches based on algebraic iteration offered both superior reconstruction fidelity and computation efficiency at low (two or three) view angles, and these advantages diminished at high view angles. Meanwhile, this work also investigated the application of regularization techniques, the selection of optimal regularization parameter, and the use of a local search technique for binary problems. We expect the results and conclusions reported in this work to provide valuable guidance for the design and development of algorithms for binary tomography problems.     

An electron tomography algorithm for reconstructing 3D morphology using surface tangents of projected scattering interfaces

Upon discerning the mere shape of an imaged object, as portrayed by projected perimeters, the full three-dimensional scattering density may not be of particular interest. In this situation considerable simplifications to the reconstruction problem are possible, allowing calculations based upon geometric principles. Here we describe and provide an algorithm which reconstructs the three-dimensional morphology of specimens from tilt series of images for application to electron tomography. Our algorithm uses a differential approach to infer the intersection of projected tangent lines with surfaces which define boundaries between regions of different scattering densities within and around the perimeters of specimens. Details of the algorithm implementation are given and explained using reconstruction calculations from simulations, which are built into the code. An experimental application of the algorithm to a nano-sized Aluminium tip is also presented to demonstrate practical analysis for a real specimen.

Program summary

Program title: STOMO version 1.0Catalogue identifier: AEFS_v1_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFS_v1_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2988No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 191 605Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: C/C++Computer: PCOperating system: Windows XPRAM: Depends upon the size of experimental data as input, ranging from 200 Mb to 1.5 GbSupplementary material: Sample output files, for the test run provided, are available.Classification: 7.4, 14External routines: Dev-C++ (http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html)Nature of problem: Electron tomography of specimens for which conventional back projection may fail and/or data for which there is a limited angular range. The algorithm does not solve the tomographic back-projection problem but rather reconstructs the local 3D morphology of surfaces defined by varied scattering densities.Solution method: Reconstruction using differential geometry applied to image analysis computations.Restrictions: The code has only been tested with square images and has been developed for only single-axis tilting.Running time: For high quality reconstruction, 5-15 min     

Wavetracing层析成像方法及其在井间地震中的应用

层析成像技术被广泛应用于矿产勘查、油气开发及工程勘查和检测领域。基于运动学特征的走时层析成像方法计算效率较高,但精度较低。基于动力学特征的波动方程层析成像方法精度较高,但计算时间较长。Wavetracing层析成像方法在射线追踪方面简单、高效,能够提供与有限频率实际资料相一致的传播路径和旅行时。应用该方法对胜利油田垦71地区多对井间地震资料进行的层析成像速度反演取得了良好结果。     

基于梯度树的光学层析图像重建方法

光学相干层析成像技术是一种新型成像方法,在生物医学和材料等许多领域有广泛的应用.介绍了一种基于梯度树的迭代图像重建方法,讨论了输运模型下含空洞状区域的图像重建方法.证明了基于输运模型的图像重建能克服扩散方程在非散射区域的重建弊端,准确地重建光学层析图像.     

基于信赖域技巧的共轭梯度方法的图像重建算法研究

图像重建算法是电容层析成像系统研究的关键技术,寻找一种重建图像速度和重建图像质量都能满足工业应用要求的图像重建算法是十分必要的。基于信赖域方法的共轭梯度算法是在普通共轭梯度算法的基础上提出的一种新的图像重建算法,提高了图像重建的质量与速度。     

Agreement and reliability in measuring central corneal thickness with a rotating Scheimpflug–Placido system and ultrasound pachymetry

PurposeWe compare the agreement and the reliability in measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) using two different technologies.MethodThe right eyes of 35 healthy individuals who had a negative history of ophthalmic disease, or ocular surgery were examined. The CCT was determined sequentially with a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Sirius; CSO), and an ultrasound pachymeter (P-1; Takagi). For statistical analysis, we used the methods suggested by Bland and Altman.ResultsThe mean values of CCT obtained from Sirius, and ultrasound were 537 ± 28 μm, and 550 ± 35 μm, respectively. There was a high correlation between Sirius and ultrasound (r = 0.92; p < 0.001), but the difference between the two measurements was statistically significant (t = −5.7; p < 0.00001). The precision of Sirius and ultrasound were 9.4 and 15.9 μm; repeatability 13.3 and 22.4 μm, and coefficient of variation 0.9% and 1.5%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 for Sirius and 0.95 for ultrasound.ConclusionsThe average difference between corneal thickness measured with Sirius and ultrasound pachymetry was small but clinically significant. This means that the two instruments cannot be used interchangeably. Sirius showed precision and repeatability almost twice as much as ultrasound pachymetry. Confidence interval of 13.3 μm for Sirius can show variations in corneal thickness with an uncertainty value lower than 2.5% in 95% of cases. The simplicity of use, the possibility to obtain pachymetric maps, and less invasiveness make this instrument potentially useful in contact lens practice.     

非完全数据下的OCT重建研究

本文从理论和实践角度深入探讨了严重缺少数据情况下的三维重建问题,提出了充分利用待测的先验知识,录数据计算的结果和部分实测值,采用信息融合的思想,改进重建理论,以实现在有限观察角并且含遮挡物的条件下进行重建。     

核辐射剂量场实时成像测量系统的研究

本文利用闪烁体的吸收发光特点,并结合计算机断层扫描技术,提出了对核辐射剂量场分布进行实时成像测量的新方法－－阵列式吸收发光ＣＴ法,研制出闪烁光纤阵列构成的核探测器及伺服控系统,采用高灵敏度的电荷耦合器件（ＣＣＤ）拾取探测器产生的微弱闪烁光信号,并用定点采集的方法对频信号进行数据的快速采集。在图像重建方法上,提出了迭代滤波反影重建方法和利用非完全投影进行数据修复,对获取的投影数据进行变换和处理。通过