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1.
The authors used rats to study the impact of a history of opiate exposures on behavioral and autonomic responses to restraint stress. Brief restraint (30 min) provoked tachycardia and a pressor response, anxiety (as indexed by social interaction), grooming, and reduced exploration. The pressor response was reduced at 1 day, but not 7 days, after last opiate exposure; tachycardia was unaffected (Experiment 1). Stress-induced anxiety was potentiated 1 and 7 days after last opiate exposure (Experiment 2), and this potentiation was a function of dose (Experiment 3) and duration (Experiment 4) of opiate exposure. The results show that a history of opiate exposures alters vulnerability to stress and has implications for understanding coping, anxiety, and emotionality in former opiate users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
2.
承压含水层特殊脆弱性评价中存在着诸多不确定性因素,影响评价结果的可靠性。本文分别运用局部灵敏度分析和Morris法的全局灵敏度分析对承压含水层特殊脆弱性评价模型中的参数进行灵敏度分析,为提高模型评价结果的可靠性奠定了基础。以济宁市承压含水层特殊脆弱性评价为例,对模型中各参数灵敏度进行分析。结果表明:弱透水层厚度、承压水与潜水水头差、弱透水层垂向渗透系数对承压含水层脆弱性评价模型的影响最为显著,弱透水层密度、分配系数与有效孔隙度对模型的影响次之,潜水含水层中污染物浓度与弱透水层弥散度对模型的影响最小;全局灵敏度分析结果显示,除弥散度外的各参数灵敏度系数的绝对值随着承压含水层脆弱等级的升高而降低。  相似文献   
3.
通过战斗部威力场和杀伤效能仿真系统,建立了一套空空导弹战斗部杀伤效能评估系统。利用系统分析了两种战斗部对空中典型目标F-35和“战斧”巡航导弹在不同交会条件下的杀伤概率。结果表明,该系统为战斗部的方案选择、结构优化和效能评估提供有效参考。  相似文献   
4.
计算机网络系统安全问题日益突出,其根本原因在于网络系统存在安全脆弱点,因此在网络系统安全脆弱性被利用之前去识别和减少或消除脆弱性是非常关键的。文章研究了主流的网络系统安全脆弱性分析技术及相关工具软件的工作机制,分析了各种脆弱性分析技术的优缺点。  相似文献   
5.
为了从根本上解决计算机网络中的漏洞问题,从漏洞产生的原因出发进行研究,针对其中的一类漏洞提出了解决方案:即通过对客户端系统中的软件进行特殊的扫描加密方法,使攻击者不能绕过其访问控制,从而避免了访问验证错误引起的漏洞。最后,指出从漏洞产生的原因来解决系统安全漏洞问题必将是漏洞研究的发展趋势。  相似文献   
6.
    
Abstract

Operating roads are critical during emergency operations at a disaster area. Prolonged inundation of pavements accelerates rapid deterioration of pavements and increases maintenance cost. The upgrade of vulnerable pavements with a raised subgrade and gabion walls is proposed as the means to increase the resiliency of strategic roads vital during the emergency attention in the aftermath of a cyclone. Hence, optimal pavement management can be used to allocate upgrade and maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) operations to reduce the damage and mitigate the geo-physical risk and community vulnerability before the disaster even occurs. A case study is presented for regional highways, arterial and collector roads of Barguna district in Bangladesh that is frequently affected by cyclones and storm surges. The geo-physical risk and vulnerability (GEOPHRIV) index of each road segments is estimated by integrating the geo-physical risk; community, structure and infrastructure vulnerabilities; and damage indices. Dynamic linear programming is applied to optimise M&R strategies and the conversion of strategic roads into resilient perpetual pavements. The same budget required to optimise roads condition is also used to guide the conversion of roads into perpetual pavements, therefore increasing the overall network resiliency. As expected, the results show that most of the annual budget is equally expended into the conversion or the resurfacing of pavements. The decision-making approach herein proposed is very useful to roads agencies around the world, because it provides them with the ability to increase the resiliency of their strategic network ex-ante any flooding disaster.  相似文献   
7.
为了更准确评价页岩气开采过程中水力压裂和废水回注对地下水的影响,需要采用不同指标体系的模型对地下水脆弱性进行评价。通过分析页岩气开采过程中污染物的潜在运移途径,在DRASTIC模型的基础上分别建立了开采井区地下水脆弱性评价模型DIRTEV和回注井区地下水脆弱性评价模型DIRWOCT。根据相关资料对模型中各评价因子进行了分级及评分,运用模糊综合矩阵法确定了各因子权重,并利用单参数法对评价结果进行了敏感性分析。对四川某页岩气采区的评价结果表明,所建模型能较好地应用于页岩气开采区地下水脆弱性评价。  相似文献   
8.
单体滑坡灾害承灾体的有限元模拟与易损性评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对目前单体滑坡灾害承灾体易损性评估定量化程度不高的问题,提出了一种承灾体易损性计算方法。在分析滑坡运动过程和承灾体破坏机制的基础上,引进塑性铰的概念,考虑了承灾体塑性变形过程,建立了简化计算模型。应用有限元软件SAP2000对钢筋混凝土框架结构受侧向力形变过程进行数值模拟,所得受力与位移参数代入简化计算模型,得到易损性数值并确定了承灾体破坏等级。结果表明:建筑物弹塑性变形与局部塑性铰变形过程类似,且塑性阶段所占比例较大;计算所得安全距离92.7m和承灾体易损性V为1时距离69.7m与实际基本相符。  相似文献   
9.
    
Within flood risk management (FRM) decision making, there is a growing interest in participatory approaches to engage and integrate stakeholder expertise. Decision support tools are becoming common features in the FRM ‘toolkit’, yet there is a limited application of participatory methodologies in the construction of such tools. This paper reports on completed FRMRC research (Flood Risk Management Research Consortium, UK http://www.floodrisk.org.uk/ ) and the construction of a geographic information system‐based flood risk assessment tool, KEEPER – a Knowledge Exchange Exploratory tool for Professionals in Emergency Response. An iterative methodology was used to engage emergency professionals throughout the research process, allowing a mixing of scientific and professional expertise in the co‐production of KEEPER. KEEPER was both instrumental in facilitating participation and knowledge exchange, and informing recommendations for future tools in practice. This paper argues that participation is both essential for supporting pragmatic flood research and as a means of enhancing communication across traditionally divided communities.  相似文献   
10.
    
Water security is a challenge faced within many transboundary river basins. Identifying the resilient factors within a system may reduce water security concerns and enhance cooperation. In this paper, we are examining the dimensions of resilience as influenced by the rate of change and institutional capacity within river basins. Three case studies are analyzed for their water security capacity, including resilience and vulnerability, as well as institutional capacity.  相似文献   
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