Heat Gelling Properties of Hen's Egg Yolk Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in the Presence of Other Protein

Ovalbumin (OV), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (Lys) were added to egg yolk low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the heat-induced gel formation of LDL-protein mixture was studied. The gel formation of LDL-protein mixture was different between the acidic and alkaline pH region; fine stable gels were formed in the alkaline pH region, but weak paste-like gels were formed in the acidic pH region. The effect of added BSA or OV on the gel strength of LDL was much larger than that of Lys. Scanning electron micrographic observation showed that the microstructures of both LDL-BSA and LDL-OV gels were more uniform than that of LDL-Lys gel.     

Dependence of Vacuum Electrical Breakdown Field and Field Enhancement Factor on the Number of Apertures Drilled in Small Electrodes

Dark current based on field emission current is considered to be a factor causing the vacuum electrical breakdown between multiaperture acceleration grids in the JT‐60 negative ion source. In this paper, we focus on field enhancement factor, which is a key parameter of field emission from the electrode. Vacuum breakdown testing for small‐sized electrodes simulating the multiaperture acceleration grids of the negative ion source was performed. We found the field enhancement factor and breakdown field for multiaperture electrodes, and we investigated the dependence of each parameter on the number of apertures. The results revealed that an increase in the average field enhancement factor after the end of conditioning resulting from an increase in the number of apertures led to a decrease in the dielectric strength of the multiaperture electrodes.     

Spontaneous emission from a three-level atom placed in three-dimensional photonic crystals in the long-time limit

The paper describes the spontaneous emission from a three-level atom placed in a periodic dielectric microstructure which exhibits a complete three-dimensional photonic band gap. By using the Euler approach, the upper level population of the atom is calculated for a wide range of relationships between the Rabi frequency and the detuning of the atomic transition frequency from the upper band edge. The results indicate that there are three cases of the relationship between Rabi frequency and detuning, which determine distinctive states of the atomic population in the long-time limit. When the detuning is greater than the Rabi frequency, the upper level has a zero steady-state atomic population, which leads to enhancement of spontaneous emission. When the magnitude of the detuning is less than the Rabi frequency, the upper level has a nonzero steady-state atomic population, which leads to suppression of spontaneous emission. When the negative detuning is greater than the Rabi frequency, the upper level has a nondecaying oscillatory-state atomic population due to long-time atomic splitting. These three properties of the spontaneous emission are relevant to several optical devices on an atomic scale, such as optical memories, switches and clocks.     

Short‐Term Wind Power Prediction for Wind Turbine via Kalman Filter Based on JIT Modeling

This paper addresses wind power prediction, which is known to be a key technology in energy management systems. In this paper, a 24‐h‐ahead power prediction method using a filter theory is proposed for wind power generation. The prediction method is a simple algorithm. The procedure of prediction consists of two steps: the data processing and the calculation of the predicted values. In data processing, in order to obtain the correlative data from the database, we employ just‐in‐time modeling. In the calculation of the predicted values, we propose a regression model for wind speed and wind power, and the unknown parameters are estimated using a constrained Kalman filter. Moreover, in the procedure used to estimate the unknown parameters, reduction and convergence of the variables are also guaranteed. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method over the conventional method are shown through actual prediction evaluations.     

Input-output linearization of nonlinear systems with time delays in state variables

The present paper is concerned with nonlinear systems that contain delays inside coupled with a part of state variables, which are often the cases in practical problems, but have not been treated yet. First we introduce an extension of the Lie derivative for a difference-differential equation; then we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a nonlinear feedback that linearizes the input-output behaviour of a system and decouples it from the delayed variables simultaneously. Discussions are given for two cases: firstly when the linearizing feedback contains only current values of state variables, and secondly when the linearizing feedback has memories to utilize the past values as well as the current values of state variables.     

The Influence Analysis that a Phase Characteristic of the High‐Level Earthquake Gives to Vibration Response Characteristic of the 550‐kV Disconnectors

We developed the 550‐kV disconnectors that strengthened earthquake proofing by the addition of the damper unit and weight reduction of conductive part based on the damage of the 550‐kV disconnectors by the Great East Japan earthquake (March 11, 2011) and inspected the earthquake proofing performance by shake table test. In shake table test, we performed the test by the artificial seismic wave that varied in phase characteristic in addition to the test by resonance method. And, in a high‐level earthquake area, we analyzed it about the influence that a phase characteristic of the artificial seismic wave gave to stress to occur in disconnectors. As a result, it is thought that the stress to occur in disconnectors is decided by a primary natural frequency basically because a bending strain to occur to the disconnectors in the time when the resonance frequency ingredient becomes the big acceleration response value grows big. But, on a particular phase condition, it was confirmed that the bending strain to occur in disconnectors might grow big conspicuously. As for this, the possibility is thought about by influence of higher natural frequency doing superposition.     

Yield of OH radicals in water under heavy ion irradiation. Dependence on mass, specific energy, and elapsed time

Dependence of yields of OH （hydroxyl） radicals on the mass and specific energy of heavy ions and elapsed time after irradiation was investigated, to understand chemical reactions of aqueous solutions. The yields of irradiation products of phenol, super-linearly increased with the incident energy of He, C, and Ne ions ranging from 2 to 18 MeV/u. The yields of the OH radicals were estimated by analyzing the yields of the irradiation products of phenol. The yields of the OH radicals increased with the specific energy for each ion, but decreased both with the mass of each ion at the same specific energy and elapsed time after irradiation.     

Effect of Milling on the Intrinsic Coercivity of Barium Ferrite Powders

The effect of milling on the intrinsic coercive force of Ba ferrite powders has been ascribed to (1) thermal fluctuations caused by superparamagnetic fine particles and (2) lattice defects introduced by milling. To test these interpretations, the Moessbauer absorption spectra and angular variation of coercive force for ball-milled powders were determined. With increasing milling time, the Moessbauer absorption spectrum becomes ambiguous, and the absorption lines are broadened; the quadrupole-split center line corresponding to superparamagnetic BaFe₁₂O₁₉ cannot be detected. The angular variation of coercive force shows that milling considerably lowers either the nucleation field of the reverse domain or the effective anisotropy field or both. It is concluded that lattice defects, rather than superparamagnetic fine particles introduced by milling, greatly affect the intrinsic coercive force of Ba ferrite powders.     

EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF IMP AND ON THE STABILITY OF AMP DEAMINASE IN RABBIT SKELETAL MUSCLE

This study evaluated the effect of high pressure on rabbit skeletal muscle, specifically on the production of inosinic acid (IMP), one of “umami” components, and on the activity of adenosine triphosphate (AMP) deaminase, which plays a role in the conversion of AMP to IMP. By increasing the pressure (0.1 to 300 MPa), nucleotide analysis showed that IMP content in muscle increased instantly with a concomitant decrease in ATP content. The IMP content of muscle at 300 MPa was approximately 15% higher than with lower pressures (0.1–200 MPa) when stored for 1 week at 4C after pressurization. These results suggested that the metabolism of nucleotides in muscle was not significantly impaired by pressure treatment. At 300 MPa, AMP deaminase maintained approximately 70% of the activity at 0.1 MPa. In contrast, the activity of purified AMP deaminase was completely lost at 200 MPa, and irreversible conformational changes were observed by in situ fluorescence spectroscopy. These results indicated that purified AMP deaminase was irreversibly denatured under pressure as high as 300–400 MPa.