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排序方式: 共有3132条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
Akira Minami Yuuki Kurebayashi Tadanobu Takahashi Tadamune Otsubo Kiyoshi Ikeda Takashi Suzuki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Sialidase cleaves sialic acid residues from glycans such as glycoproteins and glycolipids. In the brain, desorption of the sialic acid by sialidase is essential for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory and synaptic transmission. BTP3-Neu5Ac has been developed for sensitive imaging of sialidase enzyme activity in mammalian tissues. Sialidase activity in the rat hippocampus detected with BTP3-Neu5Ac increases rapidly by neuronal depolarization. It is presumed that an increased sialidase activity in conjunction with neural excitation is involved in the formation of the neural circuit for memory. Since sialidase inhibits the exocytosis of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, the increased sialidase activity by neural excitation might play a role in the negative feedback mechanism against the glutamate release. Mammalian tissues other than the brain have also been stained with BTP3-Neu5Ac. On the basis of information on the sialidase activity imaging in the pancreas, it was found that sialidase inhibitor can be used as an anti-diabetic drug that can avoid hypoglycemia, a serious side effect of insulin secretagogues. In this review, we discuss the role of sialidase in the brain as well as in the pancreas and skin, as revealed by using a sialidase activity imaging probe. We also present the detection of influenza virus with BTP3-Neu5Ac and modification of BTP3-Neu5Ac. 相似文献
2.
Akira Yamamoto Kentaro Teramura Saburo Hosokawa Tsunehiro Tanaka 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2015,16(2)
The effect of SO2 gas was investigated on the activity of the photo-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) with ammonia (NH3) over a TiO2 photocatalyst in the presence of excess oxygen (photo-SCR). The introduction of SO2 (300 ppm) greatly decreased the activity of the photo-SCR at 373 K. The increment of the reaction temperature enhanced the resistance to SO2 gas, and at 553 K the conversion of NO was stable for at least 300 min of the reaction. X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis and N2 adsorption measurement revealed that the ammonium sulfate species were generated after the reaction. There was a strong negative correlation between the deposition amount of the ammonium sulfate species and the specific surface area. Based on the above relationship, we concluded that the deposition of the ammonium sulfate species decreased the specific surface area by plugging the pore structure of the catalyst, and the decrease of the specific surface area resulted in the deactivation of the catalyst. 相似文献
3.
Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented. 相似文献
4.
The copreheat-treatment of non-fusible and slightly fusible coals with A240 and hydrogenated A240 under high temperature-short contact-time conditions around 500 °C has been examined in an attempt to produce a formed coke with better anisotropic development. These conditions shortened the copreheat-treatment time and provided better anisotropic development in the resultant coke after carbonization. Effectiveness of short contact-time has been discussed in terms of the extent of depolymerization of coal molecules suitable for anisotropic development, this being related to coal liquefaction under similar conditions. 相似文献
5.
Takeshi Kondo Hiroyuki Ito Kazuhide Kusakabe Kazuhiro Ohkawa Kensuke Honda Yasuaki Einaga Akira Fujishima Takeshi Kawai 《Diamond and Related Materials》2008,17(1):48-54
The effect of CF4 plasma etching on diamond surfaces, with respect to treatment time, was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements. SEM observations and Raman spectra indicated an increase in surface roughening on a scale of 10–20 nm, and an increase in crystal defect density was apparent with treatment time in the range of 10 s to 30 min. In contrast, alteration of the diamond surface terminations from oxygen to fluorine was found to be rather rapid, with saturation of the F/C atomic ratio estimated from XPS analysis after treatment durations of 1 min and more. The redox kinetics of Fe(CN)63−/4− was also found to be significantly modified after 10 s of CF4 plasma treatment. This behavior shows that C–F terminations predominantly affect the redox kinetics compared to the effect on the surface roughness and crystal defects. The double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of the electrolyte/CF4 plasma-treated boron-doped diamond interface was found to show a minimum value at 1 min of treatment. These results indicate that a short-duration CF4 plasma treatment is effective for the fabrication of fluorine-terminated diamond surfaces without undesirable surface damage. 相似文献
6.
Tetsuya Nanba Shouichi Masukawa Atsushi Ogata Junko Uchisawa Akira Obuchi 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2005,61(3-4):288-296
The catalytic decomposition of acrylonitrile (AN) over Cu-ZSM-5 prepared with various Cu loadings was investigated. AN conversion, during which the nitrogen atoms in AN were mainly converted to N2, increased as Cu loading increased. N2 selectivities as high as 90–95% were attained. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR) showed the existence of bulk CuO in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 6.4 wt% and the existence of highly dispersed CuO in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 3.3 wt%. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that Cu-ZSM-5 contains three forms of isolated Cu2+ ions (square-planar, square-pyramidal, and distorted square-pyramidal). The H2-TPR results suggested that in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 2.9 wt% and below, Cu+ existed even after oxidizing pretreatment. The activity of AN decomposition over Cu/SiO2 suggested that CuO could form N2, but, independent of the CuO dispersion, nitrogen oxides (NOx) were formed above 350 °C. Cu+ and the square-pyramidal and distorted square-pyramidal forms of Cu2+ showed low activity for AN decomposition. Temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 suggested that N2 formation from NH3 proceeded on Cu2+, resulting in the formation of Cu+. The Cu+ ions were oxidized to Cu2+ at around 300 °C. Thus, high N2 selectivity over Cu-ZSM-5 with a wide range of temperature was probably attained by the reaction over the square-planar Cu2+, which can be reversibly reduced and oxidized. 相似文献
7.
Akira Watanabe Yoshimitsu Takeuchi Goji Saeki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1985,68(11):308-C
The length of potassium titanate fibers produced by several conventional methods averages 50 μm, with a maximum of 100 μm. Extremely long fibers (most >1000 μm long) were obtained by calcination in N2 gas flowing at 5.2×10-4 m/s. 相似文献
8.
We succeeded in the fabrication of bonded laser crystals composed of a neodymium-doped YVO4 laser crystal (Nd:YVO4) and its host crystals YVO4 by a newly developed dry etching technique using an argon ion beam. The optical distortion caused by the bonded interface of size 5 mm × 6 mm was estimated to be 0.05λ at 633 nm. From the comparison of laser performance pumped by a laser diode, the bonded crystals could increase the laser output power by nearly twice that of the non-bonded crystals with the same degree of polarization of 99.2%. To analyze the mechanism of the enhanced reduction of the thermal load in the bonded crystals, numerical simulations with a finite-element method were also performed. 相似文献
9.
Yoshiyuki Uno Akira Okada Kensuke Uemura Purwadi Raharjo Toshihiko Furukawa Kosaku Karato 《Precision Engineering》2005,29(4):171-455
A new finishing process for metal molds by large-area electron beam (EB) irradiation is proposed in this study. In the large-area EB irradiation equipment used here, an EB with high-energy density is irradiated without focusing the beam, and so the EB with a maximum diameter of 60 mm can be used for melting or evaporating metal surface instantly. Experimental results show that the surface roughness decreases from 6 μmRz to less than 1 μmRz in just a few minutes under proper machining conditions. The corrosion resistance of metal mold surface also could be greatly improved by large-area EB irradiation. Furthermore, the surface roughness of tilting surface close to 90° could be well improved. Therefore, large-area EB irradiation method has a possibility to become a high-efficiency finishing process for metal molds. 相似文献
10.
Kiyohide Matsui Etsuko Tobita Kikuo Sugimoto Kiyosi Kondo Toru Seita Akira Akimoto 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1986,32(3):4137-4143
Anion exchange membranes with excellent durability were prepared by chemical modification of Nafion. The modification was achieved by transformation of the sulfonic acid group into quaternary ammonium group. Namely, Nafion membrane was first converted into an amide-type membrane. Reduction of the carbonxyl group to methylene followed by quaternarization with alkyl iodide resulted in the formation of an anion exchange membrane. The electric resistance of the resulting membranes depends on the equivalent weight of the starting membranes (4.4–6.0 Ω cm2 in 0.5N NaCl). The characteristics of the membranes are the excellent stability toward chemical substances such as organic solvents, oxidizing agents, acids, etc. For example, the membranes are stable in aqueous saturated chlorine solution at 60°C for 1000 hr. 相似文献