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1.
Debittered trub (brewing waste) is an important source of protein source (70.26%). Trub and whey protein were used for 5% protein enrichment of ice cream frozen by liquid nitrogen. Three formulations were elaborated: ice cream standard (ICS), ice cream with whey protein (ICW) and ice cream with trub (ICT). Chemical composition, rheological properties, texture, overrun, melting rate, scanning electron microscopy and a sensorial test were performed. Results showed that ICT presented a higher viscosity, obtained on the upward curve up to 6.76 Pa s−1, consistency index (22.96 (Pa s−1)n), hysteresis area (140.40 mPa s−1) and hardness (31113.33 g) but a lower melting rate (0.38 g min−1), overrun (13.92%) and sensorial acceptability than the other formulations. The addition of trub debittered for protein enrichment improved ice cream properties and demonstrated that it could be used as a food ingredient.  相似文献   
2.
There is steadily growing interest in the design and evaluation of digitally enhanced spaces in the real-world where users use, combine, and appropriate different physical and digital tools based on the task at hand. Under the notion of “ubiquitous computing,” researchers have explored tools and theories to analyze, understand, and model users in complex socio-technical systems. Yet, even though theoretical approaches play a significant role in the work of practitioners, there is a general difficulty in applying them, pushing researchers to explore methodological frameworks with clearer guidelines. Using the distributed cognition for teamwork (DiCoT) framework, we study collaboration and communication patterns, physical movement, and social structures of two groups of learners working on a design problem as they evolve over a 3-month period. Through an in-depth investigation, we present detailed accounts of the social and evolutionary models of DiCoT for each group. Our analysis enriches the DiCoT framework by identifying five new principles: social emersion and social circles of privacy for the social model, and continuity, mutual adaptation, and semantics of body for the evolutionary model. This article contributes to HCI research by refining and extending the existing DiCoT framework and elaborating on two dimensions that have previously been under-developed in the literature.  相似文献   
3.
Abstract.  Much of information technology (IT) implementation research has focused on individuals' acceptance of IT by examining their behaviour when faced with new IT and the antecedents of these behaviours. As they are frequently undertaken within a project framework, IT implementations also entail the application of project management practices in order to be successful. Based on the premise that antecedents of lower level theories are frequently determined by the outcomes of a higher level theory, the present paper illustrates how organizational-level decisions, examined from the perspective of economics theories, can help explain the antecedents of project risk management at the project and individual levels. To do so, the paper describes an IT implementation effort which went through three phases; the first two of which were abandoned versions of the same project. An organizational-level analysis of the case from an economics perspective and its project-level analysis from a risk management perspective show how organizational-level decisions influenced the antecedents at the project and individual levels, providing a more complete understanding of the IT implementation in question, an understanding which neither a theory approach nor a level perspective could provide on its own.  相似文献   
4.
The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field of pre-clinical and clinical applications, but no standardization exists regarding successful criteria. Thus, by analysis of animal and human studies, the aim of this systematic review was to highlight the main characteristics of the tissue generated by REP. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to January 2022 was conducted. Seventy-five human and forty-nine animal studies were selected. In humans, the evaluation criteria were clinical 2D and 3D radiographic examinations. Most of the studies identified a successful REP with an asymptomatic tooth, apical lesion healing, and increased root thickness and length. In animals, histological and radiological criteria were considered. Newly formed tissues in the canals were fibrous, cementum, or bone-like tissues along the dentine walls depending on the area of the root. REP assured tooth development and viability. However, further studies are needed to identify procedures to successfully reproduce the physiological structure and function of the dentin–pulp complex.  相似文献   
5.
Skeletons have been playing an important role in shape analysis since the introduction of the medial axis in the sixties. The original medial axis definition is in the continuous Euclidean space. It is a skeleton with the following characteristics: centered, thin, homotopic (it has the same topology as the object), and reversible (sufficient for the reconstruction of the object). The discrete version of the Euclidean medial axis (MA) is also reversible and centered, but no longer homotopic nor thin. The combination of the MA with homotopic thinning algorithms can result in a topology preserving, reversible skeleton. However, such combination may generate thicker skeletons, and the choice of the thinning algorithm is not obvious. A robust and well defined framework for fast homotopic thinning available in the literature is defined in the domain of abstract complexes. Since the abstract complexes are represented in a doubled resolution grid, some authors have extended the MA to a doubled resolution grid and defined the discrete Euclidean medial axis in higher resolution (HMA). The HMA can be combined with the thinning framework defined on abstract complexes. Other authors have given an alternative definition of medial axis, which is a subset of the MA, called reduced discrete medial axis (RDMA). The RDMA is reversible, thinner than the MA, and it can be computed in optimal time. In this paper, we extend the RDMA to the doubled resolution grid and we define the high-resolution RDMA (HRDMA). We provide an optimal algorithm to compute the HRDMA. The HRDMA can be combined with the thinning framework defined on abstract complexes. The skeleton obtained by such combination is provided with strong characteristics, not found in the literature.  相似文献   
6.
The residue from a hydroalcoholic extract of the mushroom Agaricus blazei (MAR) was evaluated for phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The ability of MAR to slow the oxidation of Omega‐3 resulting from light exposure in milk matrix, and its bioavailability after in vitro digestion was investigated. MAR presented phenolic compounds and flavonoids and showed antioxidant activity. At each concentration, addition of MAR to Omega‐3‐supplemented milk inhibited the production of conjugated dienes and malonaldehyde compared with samples without MAR. The bioavailability assay showed that polyphenols were still present after in vitro digestion and had antioxidant activity.  相似文献   
7.
The in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of gasphase SiO produced in silicon oxynitride fiber growth has been quantitatively analyzed. Both absorption and emission FT-IR spectra at a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm(-1) were produced from the reaction zone at 1450 degrees C. The fundamental and hot bands were observed with vibrational levels up to v = 7. For the purposes of quantitative analysis the individual vibration-rotation integrated line strengths for the three main isotopes,( 28)SiO,( 29)SiO, and( 30)SiO, were calculated based on ab initio quantum chemical calculations of the electric dipole moment function and the transition moment. Vibrational anharmonicity and Hermann-Wallis correction factors were also incorporated. From the line strengths at specific temperatures and the known Dunham coefficients, the absorbance spectrum was simulated with best fits giving the averaged SiO concentration in the 400 mm reaction zone of 1.0 x 10(17) molecules/cm(3). Such quantitative measurements demonstrate the power of in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The rapid determination of synthetic calibration datasets for chemometric analysis can thus lead to correlation of gas-phase species concentrations with fiber growth properties and subsequently to real-time process control.  相似文献   
8.
1- The effects of monosialoganglioside GM1 were studied on a new model of tardive dyskinesia, i.e., the frequency of spontaneous tongue protrusions in rats repeatedly treated with reserpine. 2- Rats were co-treated with vehicle (VEH) or reserpine (RES) (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., every other day) and saline (SAL) or GM1 (5 mg/kg, i.p., every day) for 30 days and observed for tongue protrusions on days 10, 20 and 30. 3- During each test day animals of the RES + SAL group exhibited an increase in tongue protrusions relative to rats of the VEH + SAL group. However, rats of the RES + GM1 group showed an increased frequency of tongue protrusions only on day 10, when compared to animals of the VEH + SAL group. There were no significant differences in tongue protrusion frequency between the VEH + GM1 and the VEH + SAL groups. 4- These results differ from previous studies which reported a facilitatory effect of GM1 co-administration on conventional behavioral animal models of tardive dyskinesia. The possibility is raised that GM1 attenuates the reserpine-induced increase in tongue protrusions through its protective effect on glutamate/oxidative stress neurotoxicity.  相似文献   
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