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1.
Summary Poly(glycidyl azide), PGA, was grafted onto Hydroxyl Terminated Poly(butadiene), HTPB, via free radical mechanism. PGA-macro azoinitator and HTPB polymer mixture was casted from solution and the polymer film was kept at 90°C for 4 hours. The grafted polymer was isolated from the product by fractional precipitation and characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Graft copolymer structure was also confirmed that volume ratio of nonsolvent to the solution of the graft copolymer was between those of corresponding homopolymers. TGA traces of the block polymers were containing two different maxima at 253°C (for PGA units) and 469°C (for HTPB units). Because of the incompatibility of the blocks, DSC curve showed two Tg's which belong to the related segments. 相似文献
2.
Sibel Akgün Gülsüm Ekici Nilüfer Mutlu Necati Beşirli Baki Hazer 《Journal of Polymer Research》2007,14(3):215-221
Modification of chitosan by grafting of vinyl butyrate was carried out in homogeneous phase using potassium persulfate as
redox initator and 1.5% acetic acid as solvent. The percent grafting and grafting efficiency were analysed and the high grafting
efficiency up to 94% was observed. The effects of reaction variables such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration,
temperature and reaction time were investigated. It was observed that the solubility of chitosan was markedly reduced after
grafting with vinyl butyrate. The grafted product is insoluble in common organic solvents as well in dilute organic and inorganic
acids. Characterization of the graft copolymers were carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technics. Characteristic signal of carbonyl
group was observed at 1,731 cm−1 which belongs to the poly vinyl butyrate segments in the graft copolymer. The melting transition of the chitosan main chain
in the copolymer shifted to 124°C from its original value 101°C. In addition to these, we have also studied topology of the
graft copolymer and the SEM micrograph showed continuous homogenous matrix which means there is no phase separation. 相似文献
3.
4.
Özcan Özyurt Hacer Özyurt Adnan Baki Bülent Güven Hasan Karal 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(15):12092-12104
The purpose of this study is to design a personalized adaptive and intelligent web based tutoring system based on learning style and expert system named UZWEBMAT and to evaluate its effects on 10th grade students’ learning of the unit of probability. In the study, initially, learning objects were prepared in three different ways in relation to three sub-learning areas of Visual–Auditory–Kinesthetic (VAK) learning style for each subject of the probability unit. These were appropriate for secondary school mathematics curricula. Then, they were transferred into the digital environment. Each student’s dominant learning style determines the content to which s/he will be directed since s/he is directed to the content that is appropriate for his/her learning style. The course to be followed by the students within UZWEBMAT and their browsing around the pages are decided by expert system integrated into the system. This expert system sets the situations in which s/he will get solution supports and the course s/he will follow in accordance with the performance of the student. Hereby, each student may follow a different course, and the solution supports s/he will get may also differ highlighting the individual learning. The sample of the study consists of 81 10th grade students and 3 mathematics teachers from two high schools in Trabzon, Turkey. Qualitative data were obtained both from the teachers and students participating in the study in order to answer the research questions about the implementation and evaluation of UZWEBMAT for mathematics teaching in a high school classroom. Obtained data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. According to the results of the present study, positive opinions of students and teachers such as taking into account the individual learning differences and deriving mathematical relations and formulas through exploration became prominent. In addition, there were also other positive opinions of students and teachers such as providing permanent learning and introducing learning responsibility to the students. In this sense, it was concluded that UZWEBMAT is a beneficial instrument for both students and teachers. 相似文献
5.
In this study, an innovative adaptive and intelligent web based e-learning system, UZWEBMAT (Turkish abbreviation of Adaptive and INtelligent WEB based MAThematics teaching–learning system) was designed, developed and implemented. This e-learning system was intended for learning and teaching secondary school level permutation-combination-binomial expansion and probability subjects. Content which was prepared according to Turkish curriculum for secondary school mathematics course was transformed into learning objects in three different ways in accordance with VAK (Visual–Auditory–Kinesthetic) learning styles. Primary/secondary/tertiary learning styles of learners registering the system are determined and each learner receives the content appropriate for his/her dominant learning style. Also, they can be directed to contents of other styles according to their performances thanks to an expert system. Learning objects constituting the content were prepared according to constructivist approach. An active role for the learner was the purpose. Tips and intelligent solution supports within the learning objects were presented with expert system support to the learners. With this structure, UZWEBMAT bears the characteristics of intelligent tutoring system as well as an adaptive e-learning environment. All the movements of learners studying with UZWEBMAT are recorded and the necessary information is reported to both learners and teachers in a visualized way. 相似文献
6.
Abdelkader Outzourhit Ali Naziripour John U. Trefny Tomoko Kito Baki Yarar Robert Yandrofski 《组合铁电体》2013,141(4):227-241
Abstract Ba1?x Sr x TiO3 thin film capacitors have been successfully prepared using rf-sputtering and a metal organic deposition (MOD) method. The structure, microstructure and composition of the BSTO films are presented. Films grown on lanthanum aluminate LAO(100) showed c-axis preferred growth orientation. Broad paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transitions were observed in films prepared by both methods. The tunability of the capacitance by means of an appplied electric field is examined using various capacitor geometries. A decrease in the capacitance exceeding 75% at 77 K was obtained from the MOD deposited films under an electric field strength of 0.3 MV/cm. On the other hand, the tunability of the capacitance in the rf-sputtered films ranged from 5 to 10% at 77 K and at 20 kV/cm, while it exceeds 50% in some films. The results are compared with the predictions of Devonshire's phenomenological theory. 相似文献
7.
8.
Efficiency of Gold Nano Particles on the Autoxidized Soybean Oil Polymer: Fractionation and Structural Analysis
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Polyunsaturated plant oils have gained great interest as monomers to produce biodegradable polymers obtained from renewable resources due to the limited existing sources of petroleum oil and environmental issues. Soybean oil was autoxidized by exposure to atomospheric oxygen at room temperature with or without the presence of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) 5–41 days. When the autoxidation process was catalyzed with Au NPs, the molecular weight of the oxidized oil was increased in 5 days. In contrast to this, without Au NPs, the oxidized oil was still a fluidized liquid. Autoxidized soybean oil polymer in toluene solution with gold NP showed a surface plasmon resonance at λmax = 540 nm in a UV–VIS spectrometer and a fluorescence emission spectrum at λmax = 450 nm, when it was irradiated at λmax = 390 nm. The higher molecular weight of the polymeric oils was successively fractionated by the extraction from the solvent‐non‐solvent mixture CHCl3/petroleum ether with the volume ratio of 5:15. Three polymeric oils fractions with different molecular weight (ca 1000, 4000, and 40,000 g/mol) were obtained. GC–MS analysis, 1H‐NMR and GPC techniques were used in the structural analysis of the fractionated polymeric oils. 相似文献
9.
Baki Hazer Songun I. Demirel Mehlika Borcakli Mehmet S. Eroglu Miko Cakmak Burak Erman 《Polymer Bulletin》2001,46(5):389-394
Summary
Poly(-3-hydroxy alkanoate) containing unsaturated side chains, PHA-soybean, were produced by feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with soybean oily acids obtained from soybean oil. Unsaturation of PHA-soybean were found to be 10 mol-% of unsaturated side
chains.
Main saturated part of the biopolymer was Poly(3-hydroxy octanoate) with minor hexanoate and decanoate units. PHA films were
crosslinked via free radical mechanism by means of thermally or under UV irradiation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide,
benzophenon, and /or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Crosslinking yield of the PHA films were found to be from 81 to
93 wt.-% from the sol-gel analysis. Swelling properties of the crosslinked PHA films in chloroform and toluene were also studied.
Mc values of crosslinked PHAs were also calculated using Flory-Rehner equation. The crosslinked biopolyester obtained by thermally
at 60 °C with benzoyl peroxide indicated the highest crosslinking density. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of crosslinked
biopolyester samples were changed from −33 to −45 °C while that of PHA-soybean was −60 °C.
Received: 16 June 2000/Revised version: 22 January 2001/Accepted: 20 May 2001 相似文献
10.
Summary
Macromonomeric peroxy initiator, poly tetrahydrofuran (poly-THF=inimer) were synthesized via cationic polymerization of THF
by the mono- (t-BuBP) and tetra-bromo methyl benzoyl peroxides (BDBP)/ZnCl2 initiating system. The macromonomers were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, and GPC techniques. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization initiated by poly-THF inimers at 80°C and different
times in bulk gave crosslinked poly-THF-b-polymethyl methacrylate block copolymers. Swelling ratios of the crosslinked block
copolymers obtained by taking in same amounts of poly-THF inimer and MMA monomer in CHCl3 were decreased versus time. It was compared the results obtained from t-BuBP-, BDBP-ZnCl2 initiating systems with t-BuBP-, BDBP-AgSbF6 initiating systems for THF monomer. Poly(THF-b-MMA) crosslinked block copolymers containing undecomposed peroxide groups
initiated the thermal polymerization of styrene, S, were used to obtain poly(THF-b-MMA-b-S) crosslinked multicomponent copolymers at 90°C. The crosslinked multi component copolymers were investigated sol-gel
analysis and swelling ratios in CHCl3. "Active" poly(THF-b-MMA) having peroxygen group were used in the free radical coupling reaction of poly butadien (Poly Bd). Poly(THF-b-MMA)-polybutadien crosslinked blend soluble graft copolymers were obtained.
Received: 31 July 2001/Revised version: 16 June 2002/ Accepted: 5 July 2002 相似文献