A novel compact circuit for 4-PAM energy-efficient high speed interconnect data transmission and reception

Transmission of signals, whether on-chip or off-chip, places severe constraints on timing and extracts a large price in energy. New silicon device technologies, such as back-plane CMOS, provide a programmable and adaptable threshold voltage as an additional tool that can be used for low power design. We show that one particularly desirable use of this freedom is energy-efficient high-speed transmission across long interconnects using multi-valued encoding. Our multi-valued CMOS circuits take advantage of the threshold voltage control of the transistors, by using the signal-voltage-to-threshold-voltage span, in order to make area-efficient implementations of 4-PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) transceivers operating at high speed. In a comparison of a variety of published technologies, for signal transmission with interconnects of 10-15 mm length, we show up to 50% improvement in energy for on-chip signal transmission over binary encoding together with higher limits for operating speeds without a penalty in circuit noise margin.     

Critical slowing down in lead magnesium niobate–zirconate ceramic

Dielectric relaxation behaviour of (1 − x)PMN − xPZ, for x = 0.10, 0.30 and 0.40 have been studied. The nature of relaxational behaviour was found to change with PZ concentration. A crossover from a static freezing to critical slowing down like behaviour is observed with increase in Zr⁴⁺ concentration. We have used Glazounov and Tangastev criterion to distinguish freezing and critical slowing down like behaviour.     

Lean philosophy: implementation in a forging company

This research addresses the implementation of lean philosophy in a forging company with a focus on radial forging production flow lines. Here, the prime motive is to evolve and test several strategies to eliminate waste on the shop floor. In this research, a systematic approach is suggested for the implementation of lean principles. This paper describes an application of value stream mapping (VSM). Consequently, the present and future states of value stream maps are constructed to improve the production process by identifying waste and its sources. Furthermore, Taguchi’s method of design of experiments is pursued here to minimize the forging defects produced due to imperfect operating conditions. A noticeable reduction in set-up time and work-in-process (WIP) inventory level is substantiated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of managerial implications and the future scope of research.     

Solution-Processed n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors With High on /off Current Ratios Based on Fullerene Derivatives

Solution-processed n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the fullerene derivative {6}-1-(3-(2- thienylethoxycarbonyl)-propyl)-{5}-l-phenyl-[5,6]-C61 (TEPP) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in a multiring source/drain structure are reported. Devices with TEPP show high electron mobility up to 7.8 x 10^-2 cm²/Vs in the saturation regime for bottom-contact OFETs with Au S/D electrodes with a solution-processed fullerene derivative. The ON/OFF ratios reported in this letter, which are in the range of 10⁵ -10⁶, are among the highest values reported for such devices. This mobility is always higher compared to PCBM devices prepared in identical conditions. The mobility of TEPP and PCBM increased with increasing temperatures in the range of 100-300 K with activation energy of 78 and 113 meV, respectively, which suggests that the thermally activated hopping of electrons is dominant in TEPP.     

A unique method for reducing losses of bends in dielectric optical wave guide

The dielectric optical wave guide is finding growing attention at millimeter wave frequencies. However the dielectric optical waveguide radiates at bends and thus transmission loss increases. These radiations are in the outword direction of bends. This output radiation at output bends arises due to change in phase velocities of the propagating wave at the centre of the dielectric guide and the phase velocity at the outer surface of the dielectric guide. A unique methiod is suggested to avoid these radiation losses.Experimental results are also shown at microwave frequencies.     

Countercurrent water-heating system with a heat exchanger in a solar energy collector loop

The counter current heat exchanger theory with periodic inlet temperatures has been applied to analyze the thermal performance of a water heating system. The theoretical results obtained are in agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature.     

Variation of wave impedance of shielded suspended dielectric guide

A shielded suspended dielectric guide is a dielectric rectangular slab enclosed by regular metallic side walls from all the sides. This type of structure is used in dual mode phase shifter where the size of the normal rectangular wave guide is reduced at the ends, where a dielectric material is embeded in ferrite core. Hence impedance variation of a phase shifter at its transition may be easily calculated using shielded suspended dielectric guide which is a prime parameter for optimum efficiency of wave launching.     

Consensus-based data replication protocol for distributed cloud

The Journal of Supercomputing - Data availability ensures efficient data accessibility by the readers anytime and from anywhere. It can be addressed by creating multiple copies of each data file...     

Studies on high-performance blended/multiblended cements and their durability characteristics

Number of blends were prepared by intergrinding clinker, gypsum, fly ash, calcined clay, microsilica and limestone in laboratory ball mill in varying percentages, and their physical properties such as fineness, consistency, setting time and compressive strength have been determined. The durability tests on selected compositions were also conducted by exposing the mortar cubes separately in 5% Na₂SO₄ and 5% NaCl solutions till the age of 90 and 180 days. The performance was observed by compressive strength development criteria after various length of exposure. Results have been discussed and found that the durability of blended cement is higher than the ordinary Portland cement.     

On the induction plasma deposition of tungsten metal

The central particle injection and long residence time characteristics of induction plasma have given rise to the complete melting of tungsten particles injected into an Ar- H₂ plasma under soft vacuum conditions. The influences of process variables such as power level, chamber pressure, and spray distance on splat morphology, apparent density, and deposition efficiency have been studied. Dense tungsten deposits with no oxidation have been obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs reveal a well-flattened lamellar structure in deposits. Radiative cooling is observed to play a significant role in the plasma spraying of this refractory metal.