SSL能源之星标准简介

很多人都熟悉蓝底白字的"能源之星"标志(见图1),它是一种指导我们购买节能型洗碗机、冰箱等电器的能效标识.不久我们将在固体照明产品上看到这一熟悉的标志,它将帮助消费者对于比传统光源更加节能的LED产品做出明智的选择.     

北美固体照明设备标准简介

前言最近几年,适用于固体照明设备(SSL)标准的缺乏,已被人们比作“待开荒的美国西部”。在照明设计师和规范制定者们努力将新式的固体照明光源与传统光源进行比较的过程中,测试方法的改变甚至是生产商们之间的术语都曾导致过混乱和挫折。虽然现在已经有许多关于照明设备的标准,     

Denitrification in a natural wetland receiving secondary treated effluent

The potential of a natural wetland as a site for nitrogen removal from secondary treated effluent was examined by investigating the distribution of denitrification rates and activity in soils and decaying plant material. Field measurements of soil Eh, pH and temperature showed that the effluent inflow favours denitrification by lowering Eh, maintaining pH 6.4–6.7, and raising soil temperature. Analysis of soil concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite and ammonium ions shows that the effluent inflow increased the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the soil, and encouraged higher rates of denitrification. Denitrification rates measured by an acetylene blockage technique were highest in soil samples from downstream of the effluent inflow, with the maximum rates being recorded in soils from 0 to 60 cm and in decaying plant material lying on the soil surface. Both nitrate plus nitrite concentration and denitrification activity declined rapidly below 6 cm in upstream and downstream soil samples. Denitrification rates in the natural wetland are increased by the addition of secondary treated effluent, and make a year-round contribution to the removal of nitrogen from the wastewater. Rates of nitrogen removal in the wetland could be increased by encouraging greater spatial and temporal interaction of the effluent amended water with the sites of highest denitrification activity.     

LED是否已具备作为嵌入式筒灯的条件

近年来几乎所有新建大厦都装有嵌入式筒灯。美国能源部估计全美仅在住宅建筑内就安装有多于4亿盏筒灯,并且其数量正在以每年两千万的速度增长。在商业和住宅领域,筒灯经常被安装于高使用率区域,并在提高照明能效和使用寿命方面常作为一个衡量目标。这种灯的普及引起了人们对LED     

Next-Generation Lighting Initiative at the U.S. Department of Energy: Catalyzing Science Into the Marketplace

Solid-state lighting (SSL) is a pivotal emerging technology that promises to fundamentally alter and improve lighting systems-and buildings-of the future, significantly lowering energy use and costs and enhancing the quality of our building environments. No other lighting technology offers our nation so much potential to conserve electricity, at a time when our nation needs bold solutions to achieve greater energy independence. Major research and market introduction challenges must be addressed before the full promise of SSL is realized. This paper discusses the role of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as a catalyst in accelerating SSL technology advances, as it works in partnership with industry, research and academic organizations, and market transformation partners. Through a series of ongoing, interactive workshops, DOE and its partners have developed an extensive plan designed to ensure that DOE funds the appropriate research and development (R&D) topics and commercialization support strategies to help our nation's best and brightest lighting experts move SSL from the laboratory into the marketplace     

Analysis of potential fuel consumption and emissions reductions from fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) in long-haul trucks

The idling of heavy-duty trucks results in additional emissions, fuel consumption, and cost. Small fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) (now in development) are promising alternatives to idling the main engine. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) APU is particularly attractive, because in conjunction with a reformer, it could operate on widely available diesel fuel. Because fuel cell APUs may not only reduce environmental impacts, but also reduce operating costs, this application has been cited as an attractive early market niche for fuel cells. Our objective is to determine whether SOFC APUs are likely to soon be economically feasible for those trucks that idle most and what energy and environmental benefits are probable. We estimate the APU market size as a function of APU costs by applying Monte Carlo sampling and net present value (NPV) economic analysis to our ADVISOR-based vehicle fuel consumption model. Emissions and fuel economy benefits estimates are then presented as a function of varying market penetration levels, assuming installation on only new vehicles and removal at the end of the 4-year SOFC lifecycle. With modest economic incentives from government and continuing fuel cell technology improvements, we find that SOFC APUs might be economically feasible for up to 15% of the long-haul truck population (60,000 trucks) in the United States in the 2015 time frame, resulting in a 30% reduction of heavy-duty truck fuel use during overnight idling and a 40% reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) produced during idling.     

固态照明的进步是标准过程

固态照明在很短的时间内走过了1段很长的历程,然而在前几年就有"光明"的前景,但是成就不多.今天,在越来越多的应用中它已成为现有技术的直接竞争对手.不受支持的产品宣称,规格不合格和风马牛不相及地比较的氛围已经被1个更有序的氛围所替代.这在很大程度上归功于关键标准和试验方法的开发机构,例如:IES、美国国家电气制造商协会(NEMA)、美国国家标准照明集团(ANSLG)、美国国家标准协会(ANSI),美国国家标准与技术研究院、美国保险商实验室、国际电工委员会、国际照明委员会和加拿大标准协会.     

用7万亿美元持有黄金的理由

在短短的几周之前，美国还只是面临可能的经济低迷，而几周之后，美国已经深陷经济衰退的深渊。 几天之内，人们对美联储的信心已经丧失殆尽，认为美联储无力解决国家信贷市场的危机。     

照明用OLED技术进展概述

1OLED的特点有机发光二极管(OLED)是一种变形了的LED。“有机”是指含有有机化学元素(含碳元素)的发光层位于层状结构的薄膜材料中间,该结构即替代LED中的无机芯片(不含碳元素)。OLED发光机理与LED发光机理基本相同,但其形式不同:LED中的芯片呈分离的点阵分布,OLED中为若干大面