The Gender Congruency Effect and the Selection of Freestanding and Bound Morphemes: Evidence From Croatian.

The authors report 3 picture-word interference experiments in which they explore some properties of the agreement process in speech production. In Experiment 1, Croatian speakers were asked to produce utterances in which the noun's gender value had an impact on the selection of gender-marked freestanding morphemes (pronouns) while ignoring the presentation of same- or different-gender distractor words. In Experiments 2 and 3, Croatian speakers were asked to name the same pictures using noun phrases in which the noun's gender value surfaced as an inflectional suffix. Different-gender distractors interfered more than same-gender distractors (the gender congruency effect) in Experiment 1, but not in Experiments 2 and 3. These contrasting results show that the cause of the gender congruency effect is not at the level where lexical-grammatical information is selected but at the level of selection of freestanding morphemes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gouda Cheese with Modified Content of β-Casein as a Source of Peptides with ACE- and DPP-IV-Inhibiting Bioactivity: A Study Based on In Silico and In Vitro Protocol

In silico and in vitro methods were used to analyze ACE- and DPP-IV-inhibiting potential of Gouda cheese with a modified content of β-casein. Firstly, the BIOPEP-UWM database was used to predict the presence of ACE and DPP-IV inhibitors in casein sequences. Then, the following Gouda cheeses were produced: with decreased, increased, and normative content of β-casein after 1 and 60 days of ripening each (six variants in total). Finally, determination of the ACE/DPP-IV-inhibitory activity and the identification of peptides in respective Gouda-derived water-soluble extracts were carried out. The identification analyses were supported with in silico calculations, i.e., heatmaps and quantitative parameters. All Gouda variants exhibited comparable ACE inhibition, whereas DPP-IV inhibition was more diversified among the samples. The samples derived from Gouda with the increased content of β-casein (both stages of ripening) had the highest DPP-IV-inhibiting potency compared to the same samples measured for ACE inhibition. Regardless of the results concerning ACE and DPP-IV inhibition among the cheese samples, the heatmap showed that the latter bioactivity was predominant in all Gouda variants, presumably because it was based on the qualitative approach (i.e., peptide presence in the sample). Our heatmap did not include the bioactivity of a single peptide as well as its quantity in the sample. In turn, the quantitative parameters showed that the best sources of ACE/DPP-IV inhibitors were all Gouda-derived extracts obtained after 60 days of the ripening. Although our protocol was efficient in showing some regularities among Gouda cheese variants, in vivo studies are recommended for more extensive investigations of this subject.     

建筑涂料市场蒸蒸日上

以产量划分,建筑涂料是涂料行业中最大的细分市场.但是,前几年,该市场却停滞不前.2020年,该市场摆脱了涂料行业的危机,建筑涂料制造商度过了 一个成功的财政年度.但是,对于这种良好发展的态势能否持续,仍存在很大的不确定性. 事实证明,建筑涂料市场在此次疫情期间表现强劲.自新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,许多人都居家隔离,其家庭的...     

生物基涂料市场:前景光明

据ChemQuest和Orr&Boss公司等行业专家估计,生物基体系的产值约占整个涂料市场的5％,而产量则略高于1％.尽管如此,AkzoNobel、Covestro和PPG等公司的行业专家都预计生物基体系将有更多的发展机会.业内人士分享了他们对当前形势的看法,并且对该细分市场的前景进行了展望. PPG公司的Mary E...     

Using static suffix array in dynamic application: Case of text compression by longest first substitution

Over the last decade, enhanced suffix arrays (ESA) have replaced suffix trees in many applications. Algorithms based on ESAs require less space, while allowing the same time efficiency as those based on suffix trees. However, this is only true when a suffix structure is used as a static index. Suffix trees can be updated faster than suffix arrays, which is a clear advantage in applications that require dynamic indexing. We show that for some dynamic applications a suffix array and the derived LCP-interval tree can be used in such a way that the actual index updates are not necessary. We demonstrate this in the case of grammar text compression with longest first substitution and provide the source code. The proposed algorithm has O(N²)$O(N^2)$ worst case time complexity but runs in O(N)$O(N)$ time in practice.     

Quality of eggs coated with oil–chitosan emulsion: Combined effects of emulsifier types,initial albumen quality,and storage

Effects of mineral oil:chitosan (MO:CH at 25:75) emulsions prepared with four different emulsifiers (2 water- and 2 oil-miscible) as coatings on the internal quality (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH) of coated eggs were evaluated during 5 weeks at 25 ± 2 °C and 20 weeks at 4 ± 2 °C. Eggs with two initial albumen qualities [Haugh unit (HU): H = 87.8 and L = 70.9] were used. At 25 ± 2 °C, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH of all coated eggs decreased with increased storage time. Coated H- and L-eggs maintained an A-grade up to 4 weeks and 1 week, respectively. Weight loss of all coated eggs remained below 1.35% after 5 weeks of storage at 25 ± 2 °C. All coated eggs maintained an A-grade with less than 2.5% weight loss during 20 weeks of storage at 4 ± 2 °C. Emulsifier types marginally affected the internal quality of coated eggs regardless of storage temperatures.     

Corrosion of aluminium in soft drinks

The corrosion of aluminium (A1) in several brands of soft drinks (cola- and citrate-based drinks) has been studied, using an electrochemical method, namely potentiodynamic polarization. The results show that the corrosion of A1 in soft drinks is a very slow, time-dependent and complex process, strongly influenced by the passivation, complexation and adsorption processes. The corrosion of A1 in these drinks occurs principally due to the presence of acids: citric acid in citrate-based drinks and orthophosphoric acid in cola-based drinks. The corrosion rate of A1 rose with an increase in the acidity of soft drinks, i.e. with increase of the content of total acids. The corrosion rates are much higher in the cola-based drinks than those in citrate-based drinks, due to the facts that: (1) orthophosphoric acid is more corrosive to A1 than is citric acid, (2) a quite different passive oxide layer (with different properties) is formed on A1, depending on whether the drink is cola or citrate based. The method of potentiodynamic polarization was shown as being very suitable for the study of corrosion of A1 in soft drinks, especially if it is combined with some non-electrochemical method, e.g. graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).