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Fernando J. Muzzio Marcos Llusa Christopher L. Goodridge Nhat-Hang Duong Elizabeth Shen 《Powder Technology》2008,186(3):247-254
This paper investigates the effects of processing and equipment parameters of a ribbon blender (i.e. loading method of lubricant, fill level, blade speed and blade design) on magnesium stearate homogeneity. A core sampling technique is used to obtain at least one hundred samples per sampling event, which are extracted throughout the blender and yield a thorough characterization of the entire bed. The results presented here can be used as a guideline to develop appropriate blending processes and characterization protocols for ribbon blenders. 相似文献
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Ricardo Beristain‐Cardoso Anne‐Claire Texier Reyes Sierra‐Álvarez Jim A Field Elías Razo‐Flores Jorge Gómez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(9):1197-1203
BACKGROUND: Simultaneous removal of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon compounds from wastewaters is a commercially important biological process. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio on the sulfide oxidation process using an inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR). RESULTS: Three molar ratios of CH3COO?/NO3? (0.85, 0.72 and 0.62) with a constant S2?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.13 were evaluated. At a CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.85, the nitrate, acetate and sulfide removal efficiencies were approximately 100%. The N2 yield (g N2 g?1 NO3?‐N consumed) was 0.81. Acetate was mineralized, resulting in a yield of 0.65 g inorganic‐C g?1 CH3COO?‐C consumed. Sulfide was partially oxidized to S0, and 71% of the S2? consumed was recovered as elemental sulfur by a settler installed in the IFBR. At a CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.72, the efficiencies of nitrate, acetate and sulfide consumption were of 100%, with N2 and inorganic‐C yields of 0.84 and 0.69, respectively. The sulfide was recovered as sulfate instead of S0, with a yield of 0.92 g SO42?‐S g?1 S2? consumed. CONCLUSIONS: The CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio was shown to be an important parameter that can be used to control the fate of sulfide oxidation to either S0 or sulfate. In this study, the potential of denitrification for the simultaneous removal of organic matter, sulfide and nitrate from wastewaters was demonstrated, obtaining CO2, S0 and N2 as the major end products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Fernando J Beltrn F Javier Rivas Olga Gimeno 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(9):973-984
Photocatalytic ozonation (1O3 + VUV + TiO2), ozonation (O3), catalytic ozonation (O3 + TiO2), ozone photolysis (O3 + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO2 + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The impact of VBR video traffic characteristics on broadband network performance is analysed. In particular, the authors compare in a queue the behaviour of several models that adjust different statistical parameters of actual MPEG traces. It is proved that a good fit of the probability density function (PDF) is essential to approximate queuing behaviour while the effects of short range dependence (SRD) are of secondary importance and those of long range dependence (LRD) could be neglected for practical purposes if realistic scenarios, with strict QoS requirements, are considered 相似文献
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Radio-over-fibre (ROF) has received increasing attention for its ability to enable broadband wireless access. This fibre-based wireless access scheme meets the demand for broadband service by integrating the high capacity of optical networks with the flexibility of radio networks (the optical and wireless channels are concatenated with one another). There are, however, impairments that come with this appealing technology. The nonlinear distortion of the optical link and the multipath dispersion of the wireless channel are two of the major factors. In order to limit the effects of these distortions, estimation, and subsequently equalisation, of the concatenated fibre- wireless channel needs to be done. An estimation algorithm for the fibre-wireless uplink in a multiuser code division multiple access (CDMA) environment is presented using pseudonoise training sequences. It has already been shown by Fernando et al. (2001) that identification of the fibre- wireless uplink is possible in a single user CDMA environment. However, the more difficult task of identification in a multiuser spread spectrum environment, which is more realistic, is shown. In the multiuser case, the cumulative effect of multiuser interference, multipath dispersion, nonlinear distortion and noise should all be handled together which makes it more challenging. Numerical evaluations of the developed algorithm show that a good estimation of both the linear and nonlinear systems is possible in the presence of 16 independent users and an signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) of 22 dB. The estimation accuracy increases with the length of the PN sequence. 相似文献
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Optical absorption and photoluminescence of Ca3(VO4)2 single crystal grown by a floating-zone technique and containing Nd3+ ions were investigated. High absorption coefficients and broadening of most absorption bands are present at 300 K, while substructures in some of the same bands can be evidenced at 12 K. Most features of measured spectra are characteristic of random occupation of more than a single Ca2+ site by the Nd3+ ion and of distortions provoked by different charge compensation mechanisms involving oxygen vacancies promotion in the crystal lattice. Nd3+ optical properties were studied by using the Judd-Ofelt theory to calculate the spectral parameters relevant for laser applications. 相似文献