A dynamical existence problem of macroeconomic policy model

The paper presents a procedure for the construction of a minimal dimension stato-spaeo representation for macroeconomic policy model. By using the results obtained here, the present paper clarifies the relationships among the minimal realization of the model, the basic concepts of controllability and observability, and dynamic policy existence. Thus, the paper shows a dynamic generalization of Tinbergen's theory of policy formation.     

Cholesterol Lowering Activity of Ropy Fermented Milk

The effect of ropy fermented milk on serum cholesterol in rats was studied. Basic diets containing slime-forming Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495, its non slime-forming variant SBT 1275, and acidified reconstituted skim milk, with 0.5% cholesterol added, were fed to F-344 rats for 7 days. Serum cholesterol level of rats fed the ropy fermented milk were the lowest among the three treatments. The serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio of rats fed ropy fermented milk was the highest. Slime materials produced by L. lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495 had a beneficial effect on rat cholesterol metabolism.     

High Efficiency Drive Method of an Open‐Winding Induction Machine Driven by Dual Inverter Using Capacitor Across dc Bus

This paper proposes a highly efficient drive method for an open‐winding induction machine with a single constant voltage source and a single capacitor. By focusing on the phase voltage of the open‐winding machine, which is determined by the phase difference and the dc voltage of each power converter, it is possible to control the peak value of the phase voltage by controlling the voltage of the capacitor. Thus, a reduction in the iron loss due to harmonic voltage in the open‐winding machine is expected. In the proposed method, the voltage of the capacitor is controlled by the difference between the two reference voltages of the power converter, which depends on the machine power factor and the phase difference of the power converter connected to both ends of the winding. Based on experimental results, the converter loss and the machine loss can be reduced by controlling the voltage of the capacitor in accordance with the machine speed using the proposed method.     

Analyses of crime control by a total criminal justice system model of feedback type with aging effect considered

The recent increase in offences has provoked a call for longer prison terms under the assumption that longer prison terms reduce offences. A critical barrier to examining this assumption is the unavailability of consistent data on offences and the recidivism due to the separation of various agencies in the criminal justice. This paper examines the assumption by proposing a total system model over separated agencies to estimate the figures needed. This model also enables one to forecast the caseload of the system and to identify critical factors for crime control.     

Solution behaviour of new cationic surfactants derived from Guerbet alcohols and their use in hair conditioners

The solution behaviour of new cationic surfactants, synthesized by using long-chain Guerbet alcohols, in water was investigated by a polarizing microscopic technique, differential scanning calorimetry, and electric conductivity measurements. These surfactants show the gel–liquid crystalline phase transition to be lower than 0°C and form lamellar liquid crystals even in cold water and at low concentrations of surfactants. The sorption of cationic surfactants from aqueous solutions onto hair was determined as a function of temperature. The effect of adsorbed cationic surfactants on the critical surface tension and kinetic frictional coefficients of hair surface have been investigated. These surface characteristics of hair treated with quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Guerbet alcohols were found to be significantly improved. These results can be explained by the high ability of sorption onto hair. Hair rinses and conditioners having excellent ease of combing or brushing for wet and dry hair can be formulated by the application of these cationic surfactants.     

Application of Monte Carlo method to optimal control for linear systems under measurement noise with Markov dependent statistical property

This paper presents an optimal control algorithm for linear systems with measurement noise which has a Markov dependent statistical property. Ordinarily, the optimal control for this problem involves a very large number of sequences, and the usual calculation method becomes impractical. In the algorithm proposed here, the optimal control is calculated with a relatively small number of sequences, sampled at random from the set of all the sequences.

Evidently, the algorithm for a control problem should be obtained directly from the performance criterion. Unlike the state estimation problem, the problem considered here has a difficulty that there exists an interaction between the algorithm and the state of the system. Because of this, a special consideration is required for the design of the algorithm. In this paper control-free measurement data are introduced to establish the convergence of the algorithm and to find a desirable way of sampling the sequences. Then, certain approximations are made to design a practical and efficient algorithm. A few digital simulation results appear to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Failure diagnosis of a servovalve by neural networks with new learning algorithm and structure analysis

This paper considers a failure diagnosis of a pneumatic servovalve used in automated production systems. The valve is monitored by an accelerometer. Six parameters characterizing the vibration data are extracted, and fed into neural networks to solve four types of diagnosis problems. A conjugate gradient followed by a variable metric method is demonstrated as an effective learning algorithm. Neural network structures are analysed through Boolean expressions summarizing network simulation results for given learning patterns. The neural networks are found to utilize majority voting mechanisms. Irrelevant neurons can be identified and removed without degrading the diagnosis performance.