2-甲基-8-（9，9-二丁基芴）-3，5，7-三炔-2-辛醇的合成和性质研究

合成了一种新颖的乙炔衍生物，2-甲基-8-（9，9-二丁基芴）-3，5，7-三炔-2-辛醇（6a），并利用红外光谱（IR），紫外光谱（Uv），核磁（NMR），质谱（MS）等对其结构进行了表征。利用红外光谱（IR）和紫外光谱（Uv）对其拓扑固相聚合性质进行了研究。实验结果表明，这些化合物在加热和紫外光照射条件下都能够发生固相聚合，但得到的是结构复杂的聚合物。     

Solid-State Polymerization Behavior of 1,3-Bis(3-quinolyl)-1,4-butadiyne

Summary 1,4-Bis(3-quinolyl)-1,3-butadiyne (DQ) is known to be polymerized in solid state to give the corresponding polydiacetylene. However, the polymer yield of DQ bulk crystals is low. Thus, we prepared several types of DQ crystals by different procedures to find the reason for the low polymer yield. We found three modifications of DQ crystals and they were evaluated by spectroscopic measurements and X-ray diffraction. DQ bulk crystals (Crystal I) and thermally grown DQ crystals on Crystal I (Crystal II) have the same structure classified to Type A, which gives regular polydiacetylene structure in low polymer yields. DQ crystals grown on glass plates by sublimation (Crystal III) belong to the second modification of Type B. DQ nanocrystals prepared by the reprecipitation method (Crystal IV) are Type B, and thermally grown DQ crystals on nanocrystals (Crystal V) are Type C. Crystals of Types B and C could be polymerized in low yields without showing excitonic absorption of polydiacetylene indicating irregular polymerization other than 1,4-addition. For crystals of Type A, we found that the 1,4-addition polymerization proceeded only in near-surface portions of the crystals. It can be plausibly explained that mobile monomers in the near-surface portion are only able to take part in their polymerization, resulting in low polymer conversion.     

Central and peripheral mechanisms involved in hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in rats

OBJECTIVE: To study the possible central and peripheral mechanisms involved in hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. METHODS: We evaluated neurohormonal and renal responses of Wistar rats to chronic oral administration of 20 and 100 mg/kg per day NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous injections of NO donors (NOC-18 and FK-409) and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist CV-11974, and intravenous injection of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine after chronic treatment with 100 mg/kg per day L-NAME were also studied. RESULTS: The chronic treatment with L-NAME induced a sustained dose-dependent hypertension with a decrease in heart rate. Urinary levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine decreased with no changes in plasma catecholamine levels, renin activity, and vasopressin level. Serum nitrate/nitrite levels in the rats treated with the high dose of L-NAME decreased. The intracerebroventricular and intravenous injections of the NO donors reduced arterial pressure in L-NAME-treated rats to a significantly greater extent than they did that in control rats. The intravenous but not intracerebroventricular injection of CV-11974 produced a sustained decrease in arterial pressure of L-NAME-treated rats. The depressor responses to intravenous injection of phentolamine of L-NAME-treated and control rats were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that L-NAME-induced hypertension is associated with a deficiency of nitric oxide, both peripherally and centrally. Circulating angiotensin II could contribute to the maintenance of hypertension via angiotensin II type 1 receptor while the sympathetic nervous system seems to be suppressed.     

Sustained right ventricular dyskinesis complicated by right ventricular infarction

We encountered a 66-yr-old man with acute left inferior and right ventricular infarction. Tomographic radionuclide ventriculography and Fourier analysis clearly demonstrated reduced wall motion in the inferior walls of both ventricles and markedly delayed phase angles in the inferior right ventricular segment, indicating dyskinesis, which was confirmed by two-dimensional echocardiography and contrast right ventriculography. Four years later, right ventricular dyskinesis was still present and corresponded to a right ventricular perfusion defect on 99mTc-labeled tetrofosmin tomogram. Right ventricular imaging with tomographic radionuclide ventriculography with Fourier analysis and 99mTc-labeled myocardial tomography demonstrates that, even after improved global function and hemodynamics, right ventricular dyskinesis related to right ventricular perfusion defect can be sustained for several years. Thus, these imaging techniques may contribute to diagnosing right ventricular infarction and investigating the pathophysiology.     

Road traffic accidents and the Abbreviated Injury Scale (ais) in Japan

Although in Japan the number of casualties from road traffic accidents decreased substantially during a period of improvement of safety measures, in recent years it has remained rather constant. To decrease accidents still further it is necessary to investigate the circumstances of road traffic accidents and the severity of resulting casualties in detail. For this purpose 167,721 cases of road traffic accident casualties occurring between February and April 1979, throughout Japan were analyzed. (1) It was found that 74.2% of all the cases suffered injuries corresponding to AIS-1; 30% of these involved neck injuries. (2) There were 2,654 fatal cases, 67% of which involved head injuries, chiefly cerebral contusion, cranial base fracture, and intracranial hemorrhage. There were fatal cases in the categories of AIS-3 or below which are generally considered not fatal, but those were due to complications. (3) The chief sites of injury varied according to the victim's mode of transport: in an automobile the neck was the site most frequently injured; on a motorcycle the legs and head were usually involved; on a bicycle or walking the head and legs were most at risk. (4) Injuries to pedestrians often fell under the severer AIS-4 or higher codes and constituted 43% of total deaths. (5) Accidents with automobiles changing lanes tended to cause serious injuries and many deaths. Other characteristics of road traffic accidents in Japan are analyzed and discussed.     

Modeling the trajectory of window flames with regard to flow attachment to the adjacent wall

A model for predicting the trajectory of window flame ejected from a fire compartment was formulated incorporating the effect of wall above the opening. Based on the observation in the reduced scale experiments, window flames were divided into the following categories with regard to its trajectory configuration: the flow which ascends almost vertically up after ejection maintaining a certain separation from the wall; and the flow which ascends upward after ejection and gradually approaches to the wall in the downstream. In the model, trajectories of these flows were approximated by cubic polynomials whose coefficients were given as functions of a dimensionless parameter F*. The parameter F* was derived from the conservation equation of momentum which incorporates the effect of pressure gradient across the ascending flows. Critical condition for the occurrence of flow attachment was described as a proportion of the maximum separation from the wall versus the opening width. Trajectories predicted by the proposed model were then compared with the measurement data which indicated reasonable agreements.     

Modeling thermal behaviors of window flame ejected from a fire compartment

A series of reduced-scale experiments were carried out in order to investigate thermal behaviors of window flame, which exposes the upper floors as well as the adjacent buildings to potential risks of fire spread. A stainless pan filled with alcohol was used as the fire source and was placed inside a cubic compartment of 900 mm side. Temperatures and velocities at various points inside and outside of the compartment were measured. The compartment was pressurized during the experiment by mechanically supplying air at several mass inflow rates through an inlet duct set at the bottom part of the compartment. This was for simulating fire conditions under the effect of external wind pressure. On the basis of the experimental observation, line (i.e., two-dimensional) heat source assumption was adopted for developing a model of window flame behavior. A dimensionless parameter Q^′*${Q^{\prime }}^{*}$ was derived from the governing differential equations in order to generalize the measurement results. Expressions for temperature rise along the trajectory ΔT_m and characteristic flame width b_T were developed incorporating the parameter Q^′*${Q^{\prime }}^{*}$.     

A real-time digital VCR encode/decode and MPEG-2 decode LSIimplemented on a dual-issue RISC processor

A real-time system large-scale-integrated circuit (LSI) for digital video cassette recorder (DVCR) encoding/decoding and MPEG-2 decoding is implemented on a dual-issue RISC processor (DRISC) with dedicated hardware optimized for video-block processing. The DRISC achieves 972-MOPS software performance and can execute fixed-length data processing at the block level as well as processing at the macro-block level and above for the DVCR/MPEG-2. The dedicated hardware for variable-length coding/decoding can encode and decode codes for both the DVCR and the MPEG-2 by changing translation tables. The dedicated hardware for video-block loading can process video-block data transfers with half-pel operations. The LSI size is 7.7×7.2 mm² in a 0.25-μm CMOS process